Abstract
Established rat skin grafts carried by immunosuppressed mice were acutely destroyed by an intravenous administration of mouse antirat lymphocyte serum. The histologic pattern of destruction was dependent on the amount of antiserum administered. At low doses (0.01 ml) an Arthus-like reaction was seen with early accumulation of granulocytes. At high doses (0.25 ml) a Shwartzman-like pattern occurred, with early intravascular thrombosis and without evident participation of granulocytes in the initial phases. Groups of mice that received intermediate doses showed graft changes that were transitional between these two types of destruction. Similar histologic patterns have been described in clinical transplantation. Our results show that they are not fundamentally different and that the severity of the triggering reaction determines which of either type will occur.
Full text
PDF











Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Baldamus C. A., McKenzie I. F., Winn H. J., Russell P. S. Acute destruction by humoral antibody of rat skin grafted to mice. J Immunol. 1973 Jun;110(6):1532–1541. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baumgartner H. R., Haudenschild C. Adhesion of platelets to subendothelium. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1972 Oct 27;201:22–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1972.tb16285.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berden J. H., Capel P. J., Koene R. A. The role of complement factors in acute antibody-mediated rejection of mouse skin allografts. Eur J Immunol. 1978 Mar;8(3):158–162. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830080303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bessis M. Necrotaxis. Chemotaxis towards an injured cell. Antibiot Chemother (1971) 1974;19:369–381. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COCHRANE C. G., WEIGLE W. O., DIXON F. J. The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the initiation and cessation of the Arthus vasculitis. J Exp Med. 1959 Sep 1;110:481–494. doi: 10.1084/jem.110.3.481. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cochrane C. G. Mediators of the arthus and related reactions. Prog Allergy. 1967;11:1–35. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Deykin D. Emerging concepts of platelet function. N Engl J Med. 1974 Jan 17;290(3):144–151. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197401172900308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gaynor E. The role of granulocytes in endotoxin-induced vascular injury. Blood. 1973 Jun;41(6):797–808. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gray J. G., Monaco A. P., Wood M. L., Russell P. S. Studies on heterologous anti-lymphocyte serum in mice. I. In vitro and in vivo properties. J Immunol. 1966 Feb;96(2):217–228. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HJORT P. F., RAPAPORT S. I. THE SHWARTZMAN REACTION: PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS. Annu Rev Med. 1965;16:135–168. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.16.020165.001031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HUMPHREY J. H. The mechanism of Arthus reactions. II. The role of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and platelets in reversed passive reactions in the guinea-pig. Br J Exp Pathol. 1955 Jun;36(3):283–289. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horn R. G., Collins R. D. Studies on the pathogenesis of the generalized Schwartzman reaction. The role of granulocytes. Lab Invest. 1968 Feb;18(2):101–107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kissmeyer-Nielsen F., Olsen S., Petersen V. P., Fjeldborg O. Hyperacute rejection of kidney allografts, associated with pre-existing humoral antibodies against donor cells. Lancet. 1966 Sep 24;2(7465):662–665. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(66)92829-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koene R. A., Gerlag P. G., Hagemann J. F., van Haelst U. J., Wijdeveld P. G. Hyperacute rejection of skin allografts in the mouse by the administration of alloantibody and rabbit complement. J Immunol. 1973 Aug;111(2):520–526. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LITCHFIELD J. T., Jr A method for rapid graphic solution of time-per cent effect curves. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1949 Dec;97(4):399-408, 3 tab. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Myburgh J. A., Cohen I., Gecelter L., Meyers A. M., Abrahams C., Furman K. I., Goldberg B., van Blerk P. J. Hyperacute rejection in human-kidney allografts-shwartzman or arthus reaction? N Engl J Med. 1969 Jul 17;281(3):131–135. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196907172810305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STETSON C. A., GOOD R. A. Studies on the mechanism of the Shwartzman-phenomenon; evidence for the participation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the phenomenon. J Exp Med. 1951 Jan;93(1):49–63. doi: 10.1084/jem.93.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STETSON C. A., Jr Similarities in the mechanisms determining the Arthus and Shwartzman phenomena. J Exp Med. 1951 Oct;94(4):347–358. doi: 10.1084/jem.94.4.347. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Snyderman R., Phillips J., Mergenhagen S. E. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic activity in rabbit serum and Guinea pig serum treated with immune complexes: evidence for c5a as the major chemotactic factor. Infect Immun. 1970 Jun;1(6):521–525. doi: 10.1128/iai.1.6.521-525.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Starzl T. E., Lerner R. A., Dixon F. J., Groth C. G., Brettschneider L., Terasaki P. I. Shwartzman reaction after human renal homotransplantation. N Engl J Med. 1968 Mar 21;278(12):642–648. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196803212781202. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stecher V. J., Sorkin E., Ryan G. B. Relation between blood coagulation and chemotaxis of leucocytes. Nat New Biol. 1971 Sep 15;233(37):95–96. doi: 10.1038/newbio233095a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THOMAS L., GOOD R. A. Studies on the generalized Shwartzman reaction: I. General observations concerning the phenomenon. J Exp Med. 1952 Dec;96(6):605–624. doi: 10.1084/jem.96.6.605. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Williams G. M., Hume D. M., Hudson R. P., Jr, Morris P. J., Kano K., Milgrom F. "Hyperacute" renal-homograft rejection in man. N Engl J Med. 1968 Sep 19;279(12):611–618. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196809192791201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]


