Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The American Journal of Pathology logoLink to The American Journal of Pathology
. 1982 May;107(2):135–141.

Localization of toxic encephalopathies near lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

S Levine, R Sowinski
PMCID: PMC1916005  PMID: 6979257

Abstract

Bipiperidyl mustard and a neurotoxic triamine are known to cause edematous and/or necrotizing lesions in particular areas of hypothalamus and dorsal medulla but not in spinal cord. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAR) causes widespread inflammatory lesions that are especially numerous in spinal cord. When the chemical toxicants were administered to rats during the acute phase of EAE, mortality was increased. This was due to a specific interaction between EAE and chemical toxicants leading to the development of necrotizing vasculitis and parenchymal necrosis near EAE lesions in spinal cord or brain. The interaction decreased as the EAE lesions healed. Another neurotoxic chemical, dipiperidinoethane, did not produce this phenomenon. These effects of EAE are probably related to damage to the vessel walls and the blood-brain barrier. The present work may increase the versatility of EAE as a model for multiple sclerosis if the EAE lesions can be enlarged progressively by repeated exposures to the toxicant.

Full text

PDF
135

Images in this article

137Figure 1
on p.137
138Figure 2
on p.138
139Figure 3
on p.139

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ADAMS R. D., WAKSMAN B. H. Studies of the effect of the generalized Shwartzman reaction on the lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Am J Pathol. 1957 Jan-Feb;33(1):131–153. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Amtorp O., Sorensen S. C. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to 51Cr-EDTA in rabbits with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1973;49(3):327–330. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01305.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BARLOW C. F. A study of abnormal blood-brain permeability in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1956 Apr;15(2):196–207. doi: 10.1097/00005072-195604000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BROMAN T. BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER DAMAGE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS SUPRAVITAL TEST-OBSERVATIONS. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1964;40:SUPPL 10–10:24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1964.tb04718.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bell J. F., Moore G. J. Allergic encephalitis, rabies antibodies, and the blood/brain barrier. J Lab Clin Med. 1979 Jul;94(1):5–11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bergman R. K., Munoz J. J., Portis J. L. Vascular permeability changes in the central nervous system of rats with hyperacute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced with the aid of a substance from Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun. 1978 Aug;21(2):627–637. doi: 10.1128/iai.21.2.627-637.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. CLARK G., BOGDANOVE L. H. The induction of the lesions of allergic meningoencephalomyelitis in a predetermined location. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1955 Oct;14(4):433–437. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Caffyn Z. E. Early vascular changes in the brain of the mouse after injections of goldthioglucose and bipiperidyl mustard. J Pathol. 1972 Jan;106(1):49–56. doi: 10.1002/path.1711060106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cutler R. W., Lorenzo A. V., Barlow C. F. Brain vascular permeability to I-125 gamma globulin and leukocytes in allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1967 Oct;26(4):558–571. doi: 10.1097/00005072-196710000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Debons A. F., Krimsky I., From A., Siclari E., Maayan M. L., Fani K., Jimenez F. A. Action of gold thioglucose on pericapillary structures in the ventromedial hypothalamus. J Pathol. 1979 Oct;129(2):73–81. doi: 10.1002/path.1711290205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hirano A., Dembitzer H. M., Becker N. H., Levine S., Zimmerman H. M. Fine structural alterations of the blood-brain barrier in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1970 Jul;29(3):432–440. doi: 10.1097/00005072-197007000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Holländer H., Mehraein P. Vergleichende licht- und fluoreszenzmikroskopische Untersuchungen der experimentellen allergischen Encephalomyelitis des Meerschweinchens. Acta Neuropathol. 1965 Nov 18;5(2):205–214. doi: 10.1007/BF00686518. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kristensson K. About demyelinating properties of humoral antibodies in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In vivo and in vitro studies. Acta Neuropathol. 1976 Dec 21;36(4):307–314. doi: 10.1007/BF00699636. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LAMPERT P., CARPENTER S. ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON THE VASCULAR PERMEABILITY AND THE MECHANISM OF DEMYELINATION IN EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1965 Jan;24:11–24. doi: 10.1097/00005072-196501000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. LEVINE S., WENK E. J. A HYPERACUTE FORM OF ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS. Am J Pathol. 1965 Jul;47:61–88. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. LEVINE S., WENK E. J. Studies on the mechanism of altered susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Am J Pathol. 1961 Oct;39:419–441. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Leibowitz S., Kennedy L. Cerebral vascular permeability and cellular infiltration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Immunology. 1972 May;22(5):859–869. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Levine S. Hyperacute, neutrophilic, and localized forms of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: a review. Acta Neuropathol. 1974;28(3):179–189. doi: 10.1007/BF00719023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Levine S., Sowinski R. Hypothalamic and medullary lesions caused by an aliphatic triamine unrelated to goldthioglucose. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1982 Jan;41(1):54–66. doi: 10.1097/00005072-198201000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Levine S., Sowinski R. Lesions of amygdala, pyriform cortex and other brain structures due to dipiperidinoethane intoxication. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1980 Jan;39(1):56–64. doi: 10.1097/00005072-198001000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Levine S., Sowinski R. Necrotic myelopathy (myelomalacia) in rats with allergic encephalomyelitis treated with tilorone. Am J Pathol. 1976 Feb;82(2):381–392. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Linthicum D. S., Mackay I. R., Carnegie P. R. Measurement of cell-mediated inflammation in experimental murine autoimmune encephalomyelitis by radioisotopic labeling. J Immunol. 1979 Oct;123(4):1799–1805. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mandybur T. L., Cooper G. P. Increased lead uptake by spinal cord during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1979 Aug;50(1):163–165. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(79)90504-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. McIlhenny H. M., Levine S., Wiseman E. H., Sowinski R. Disposition and activity in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis of flumizole, a nonacidic, nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent. Exp Neurol. 1978 Jan 1;58(1):126–137. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(78)90128-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Oldendorf W. H., Towner H. F. Blood-brain barrier and DNA changes during the evolution of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1974 Oct;33(5):616–631. doi: 10.1097/00005072-197410000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Rutman R. J., Lewis F. S., Bloomer W. D. Bipiperidyl mustard, a new obesifying agent in the mouse. Science. 1966 Aug 26;153(3739):1000–1002. doi: 10.1126/science.153.3739.1000. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. SHERWIN A. L., RICHTER M., COSGROVE J. B., ROSE B. Studies of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to antibodies and other proteins. Neurology. 1963 Feb;13:113–119. doi: 10.1212/wnl.13.2.113. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sherwin A. L., Karpati G., Laviolette R. The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to antibodies in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and neuritis. Rev Can Biol. 1965 Dec;24(4):277–283. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Staab E. V., Good R. A., Condie R. M. Biologic relationship of endotoxin and other toxic proteins. V. Alterations of blood-brain barrier and susceptibility to snake venom. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1965 Aug-Sep;119(4):1030–1034. doi: 10.3181/00379727-119-30368. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Stohl W., Gonatas N. K. Chronic permeability of the central nervous system to mononuclear cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. J Immunol. 1978 Sep;121(3):844–850. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Stohl W., Kaplan M. S., Gonatas N. K. A quantitative assay for experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat based on permeability of spinal cords to 125I-human gamma-globulin. J Immunol. 1979 Mar;122(3):920–925. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. WATSON D., SZEGO G. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BILIRUBIN AND ICTERUS OF THE RABBIT BRAIN. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1963 Oct;41:505–509. doi: 10.1038/icb.1963.40. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Weber F. P., Huber H. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Proc R Soc Med. 1939 Jul;32(9):1026–1027. doi: 10.1177/003591573903200905. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The American Journal of Pathology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Investigative Pathology

RESOURCES