Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1997 Jun;71(6):4866–4870. doi: 10.1128/jvi.71.6.4866-4870.1997

Transformation by bovine papillomavirus type 1 E6 is independent of transcriptional activation by E6.

R Ned 1, S Allen 1, S Vande Pol 1
PMCID: PMC191716  PMID: 9151888

Abstract

We have generated mutants of bovine papillomavirus type 1 E6 (BE6) that are defective for transcriptional activation and have analyzed these mutants for transformation of contact-inhibited cells and association with the mammalian protein E6-AP. These BE6 mutants demonstrate that transformation by BE6 does not require transcriptional activation and that association of BE6 with E6-AP is a function separable from transcriptional activation by BE6. Association of BE6 with E6-AP appears to be necessary but not sufficient for transformation by BE6. In addition, the mutational analysis of BE6 demonstrates that transactivation, transformation, and association with E6-AP all require sequences throughout the BE6 gene, indicating that the papillomavirus E6 proteins do not have a simple domain structure.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (350.8 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Chen J. J., Reid C. E., Band V., Androphy E. J. Interaction of papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins with a putative calcium-binding protein. Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):529–531. doi: 10.1126/science.7624774. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Gyuris J., Golemis E., Chertkov H., Brent R. Cdi1, a human G1 and S phase protein phosphatase that associates with Cdk2. Cell. 1993 Nov 19;75(4):791–803. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90498-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Howley P. M., Münger K., Romanczuk H., Scheffner M., Huibregtse J. M. Cellular targets of the oncoproteins encoded by the cancer associated human papillomaviruses. Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1991;22:239–248. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Huibregtse J. M., Scheffner M., Beaudenon S., Howley P. M. A family of proteins structurally and functionally related to the E6-AP ubiquitin-protein ligase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Mar 28;92(7):2563–2567. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2563. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Huibregtse J. M., Scheffner M., Howley P. M. Cloning and expression of the cDNA for E6-AP, a protein that mediates the interaction of the human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein with p53. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Feb;13(2):775–784. doi: 10.1128/mcb.13.2.775. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kippert F. A rapid permeabilization procedure for accurate quantitative determination of beta-galactosidase activity in yeast cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1995 May 1;128(2):201–206. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07523.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Lamberti C., Morrissey L. C., Grossman S. R., Androphy E. J. Transcriptional activation by the papillomavirus E6 zinc finger oncoprotein. EMBO J. 1990 Jun;9(6):1907–1913. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08317.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. McBride A. A., Romanczuk H., Howley P. M. The papillomavirus E2 regulatory proteins. J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 5;266(28):18411–18414. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Miller A. D., Rosman G. J. Improved retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression. Biotechniques. 1989 Oct;7(9):980-2, 984-6, 989-90. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Muhlrad D., Hunter R., Parker R. A rapid method for localized mutagenesis of yeast genes. Yeast. 1992 Feb;8(2):79–82. doi: 10.1002/yea.320080202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Scheffner M., Münger K., Huibregtse J. M., Howley P. M. Targeted degradation of the retinoblastoma protein by human papillomavirus E7-E6 fusion proteins. EMBO J. 1992 Jul;11(7):2425–2431. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05307.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Smith D. B., Johnson K. S. Single-step purification of polypeptides expressed in Escherichia coli as fusions with glutathione S-transferase. Gene. 1988 Jul 15;67(1):31–40. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90005-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Vande Pol S. B., Howley P. M. Negative regulation of the bovine papillomavirus E5, E6, and E7 oncogenes by the viral E1 and E2 genes. J Virol. 1995 Jan;69(1):395–402. doi: 10.1128/jvi.69.1.395-402.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Vande Pol S. B., Howley P. M. The bovine papillomavirus constitutive enhancer is essential for viral transformation, DNA replication, and the maintenance of latency. J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2346–2358. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.4.2346-2358.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Vousden K. H., Androphy E. J., Schiller J. T., Lowy D. R. Mutational analysis of bovine papillomavirus E6 gene. J Virol. 1989 May;63(5):2340–2342. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.5.2340-2342.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Vousden K. H. Interactions between papillomavirus proteins and tumor suppressor gene products. Adv Cancer Res. 1994;64:1–24. doi: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60833-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Walter G., Ruediger R., Slaughter C., Mumby M. Association of protein phosphatase 2A with polyoma virus medium tumor antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(7):2521–2525. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2521. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES