Abstract
The protease domain of the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) M80 open reading frame was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was recovered as a mixture of active one- and two-chain forms. The two-chain enzyme was formed by internal cleavage of the one-chain enzyme at the I site. Activity measurements showed that MCMV protease cleaves R- and M-site peptide mimics with kinetics similar to those of recombinant human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protease. Both the MCMV and HCMV proteases cleave I-site peptide substrates very poorly, but the crystal structure of the HCMV protease indicates that the cytomegalovirus I site likely resides on a solvent-exposed loop close to the active site.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.1 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Baum E. Z., Bebernitz G. A., Hulmes J. D., Muzithras V. P., Jones T. R., Gluzman Y. Expression and analysis of the human cytomegalovirus UL80-encoded protease: identification of autoproteolytic sites. J Virol. 1993 Jan;67(1):497–506. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.1.497-506.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ben-Bassat A., Bauer K., Chang S. Y., Myambo K., Boosman A., Chang S. Processing of the initiation methionine from proteins: properties of the Escherichia coli methionine aminopeptidase and its gene structure. J Bacteriol. 1987 Feb;169(2):751–757. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.2.751-757.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burck P. J., Berg D. H., Luk T. P., Sassmannshausen L. M., Wakulchik M., Smith D. P., Hsiung H. M., Becker G. W., Gibson W., Villarreal E. C. Human cytomegalovirus maturational proteinase: expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and enzymatic characterization by using peptide substrate mimics of natural cleavage sites. J Virol. 1994 May;68(5):2937–2946. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.5.2937-2946.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen P., Tsuge H., Almassy R. J., Gribskov C. L., Katoh S., Vanderpool D. L., Margosiak S. A., Pinko C., Matthews D. A., Kan C. C. Structure of the human cytomegalovirus protease catalytic domain reveals a novel serine protease fold and catalytic triad. Cell. 1996 Sep 6;86(5):835–843. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80157-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gao M., Matusick-Kumar L., Hurlburt W., DiTusa S. F., Newcomb W. W., Brown J. C., McCann P. J., 3rd, Deckman I., Colonno R. J. The protease of herpes simplex virus type 1 is essential for functional capsid formation and viral growth. J Virol. 1994 Jun;68(6):3702–3712. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.6.3702-3712.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall M. R., Gibson W. Cytomegalovirus assemblin: the amino and carboxyl domains of the proteinase form active enzyme when separately cloned and coexpressed in eukaryotic cells. J Virol. 1996 Aug;70(8):5395–5404. doi: 10.1128/jvi.70.8.5395-5404.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holwerda B. C., Wittwer A. J., Duffin K. L., Smith C., Toth M. V., Carr L. S., Wiegand R. C., Bryant M. L. Activity of two-chain recombinant human cytomegalovirus protease. J Biol Chem. 1994 Oct 14;269(41):25911–25915. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones T. R., Sun L., Bebernitz G. A., Muzithras V. P., Kim H. J., Johnston S. H., Baum E. Z. Proteolytic activity of human cytomegalovirus UL80 protease cleavage site mutants. J Virol. 1994 Jun;68(6):3742–3752. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.6.3742-3752.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liu F. Y., Roizman B. The herpes simplex virus 1 gene encoding a protease also contains within its coding domain the gene encoding the more abundant substrate. J Virol. 1991 Oct;65(10):5149–5156. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.10.5149-5156.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Loutsch J. M., Galvin N. J., Bryant M. L., Holwerda B. C. Cloning and sequence analysis of murine cytomegalovirus protease and capsid assembly protein genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Aug 30;203(1):472–478. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Matsudaira P. Sequence from picomole quantities of proteins electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jul 25;262(21):10035–10038. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCann P. J., 3rd, O'Boyle D. R., 2nd, Deckman I. C. Investigation of the specificity of the herpes simplex virus type 1 protease by point mutagenesis of the autoproteolysis sites. J Virol. 1994 Jan;68(1):526–529. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.1.526-529.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Boyle D. R., 2nd, Wager-Smith K., Stevens J. T., 3rd, Weinheimer S. P. The effect of internal autocleavage on kinetic properties of the human cytomegalovirus protease catalytic domain. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 3;270(9):4753–4758. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4753. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Preston V. G., Coates J. A., Rixon F. J. Identification and characterization of a herpes simplex virus gene product required for encapsidation of virus DNA. J Virol. 1983 Mar;45(3):1056–1064. doi: 10.1128/jvi.45.3.1056-1064.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Qiu X., Culp J. S., DiLella A. G., Hellmig B., Hoog S. S., Janson C. A., Smith W. W., Abdel-Meguid S. S. Unique fold and active site in cytomegalovirus protease. Nature. 1996 Sep 19;383(6597):275–279. doi: 10.1038/383275a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rawlinson W. D., Farrell H. E., Barrell B. G. Analysis of the complete DNA sequence of murine cytomegalovirus. J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8833–8849. doi: 10.1128/jvi.70.12.8833-8849.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shieh H. S., Kurumbail R. G., Stevens A. M., Stegeman R. A., Sturman E. J., Pak J. Y., Wittwer A. J., Palmier M. O., Wiegand R. C., Holwerda B. C. Three-dimensional structure of human cytomegalovirus protease. Nature. 1996 Sep 19;383(6597):279–282. doi: 10.1038/383279a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Singer S. J. Covalent labeling of active sites. Adv Protein Chem. 1967;22:1–54. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60040-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tigue N. J., Matharu P. J., Roberts N. A., Mills J. S., Kay J., Jupp R. Cloning, expression and characterization of the proteinase from human herpesvirus 6. J Virol. 1996 Jun;70(6):4136–4141. doi: 10.1128/jvi.70.6.4136-4141.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tong L., Qian C., Massariol M. J., Bonneau P. R., Cordingley M. G., Lagacé L. A new serine-protease fold revealed by the crystal structure of human cytomegalovirus protease. Nature. 1996 Sep 19;383(6597):272–275. doi: 10.1038/383272a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Welch A. R., McNally L. M., Gibson W. Cytomegalovirus assembly protein nested gene family: four 3'-coterminal transcripts encode four in-frame, overlapping proteins. J Virol. 1991 Aug;65(8):4091–4100. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.8.4091-4100.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Welch A. R., McNally L. M., Hall M. R., Gibson W. Herpesvirus proteinase: site-directed mutagenesis used to study maturational, release, and inactivation cleavage sites of precursor and to identify a possible catalytic site serine and histidine. J Virol. 1993 Dec;67(12):7360–7372. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.12.7360-7372.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Welch A. R., Woods A. S., McNally L. M., Cotter R. J., Gibson W. A herpesvirus maturational proteinase, assemblin: identification of its gene, putative active site domain, and cleavage site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 1;88(23):10792–10796. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10792. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yanisch-Perron C., Vieira J., Messing J. Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene. 1985;33(1):103–119. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90120-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
