Table 2.
Patterns of in-hospital comorbidity in five years before or concomitant with diagnosis of heart failure among white and south Asian patients. Values are numbers (percentages) of patients (95% confidence intervals), unless stated otherwise
| Comorbidity | White patients (n=5057) | South Asian patients (n=336) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute myocardial infarction: | 769 (15.2, 14.2 to 16.2) | 91 (27.1, 22.4 to 32.2) | <0.001 |
| Before admission with heart failure† | 278 (5.5, 4.9 to 6.1) | 34 (10.1, 6.9 to 13.3) | <0.001 |
| Concomitant with heart failure | 539 (10.7, 9.8 to 11.5) | 63 (18.8, 14.6 to 22.9) | <0.001 |
| Other coronary heart disease‡ | 1264 (25.0, 23.8 to 26.2) | 98 (29.2, 24.4 to 34.3) | 0.1 |
| Other heart disease§ | 3024 (59.8, 58.4 to 61.2) | 147 (43.8, 38.4 to 49.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1484 (29.3, 28.1 to 30.6) | 147 (43.8, 38.4 to 49.2) | <0.001 |
| Valve disease | 250 (4.9, 4.4 to 5.6) | 6 (1.8, 0.7 to 3.8) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 817 (16.2, 15.2 to 17.2) | 154 (45.8, 40.4 to 51.3) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 393 (7.8, 7.0 to 8.5) | 26 (7.7, 4.9 to 10.6) | 0.98 |
| Renal failure | 756 (14.9, 14.0 to 15.9) | 56 (16.7, 12.7 to 20.7) | 0.39 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter: | 174 (434.5, 33.2 to 35.8) | 46 (13.7, 10.0 to 17.4) | <0.001 |
| Before admission with heart failure† | 646 (12.8, 11.9 to 13.7) | 15 (4.5, 2.3 to 6.7) | <0.001 |
| Concomitant with heart failure | 148 (729.4, 28.1 to 30.7) | 37 (11.0, 7.7 to 14.4) | <0.001 |
*
Derived with χ2 statistic.
†
Diagnosed in hospital at any time within five years before, and excluding, first admission with heart failure.
‡
No acute myocardial infarction.
§
No acute myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease.