Abstract
The persistence of poliovirus type 1 (PO1) in mixed septic tank effluent and swine manure slurry was determined, and the antiviral effects of several bacterial cultures isolated from swine manure slurry were demonstrated. In two field experiments, PO1 was consistently inactivated more rapidly in the mixed waste than in the control Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (D-PBS). D values (time [in days] for a 90% reduction of virus titer) were 18.7 and 29.9 for the mixed waste and 56.5 and 51.8 for the D-PBS control, respectively. The virus inactivation in the mixed waste was temperature dependent. A comparison of PO1 inactivation in raw mixed waste, autoclaved mixed waste, and bacterium-free filtrate of raw mixed waste at the same pH and temperatures provided an initial demonstration that the virus inactivation in the mixed waste is related, at least in part, to microbial activity. At 25 degrees C, the D value was 6.8 for the mixed waste, 11.2 for the autoclaved mixed waste, and 10.5 for the bacterium-free filtrate of raw mixed waste. At 37 degrees C, D values were 1.3, 3.9, and 3.1 for these three suspending media, respectively. Three bacterial isolates which had shown antiviral effects in a screening test each caused virus inactivation in autoclaved mixed waste, in which the effect of other microorganisms was excluded. Inhibition of PO1 inactivation by protease inhibitors suggests that the virus inactivation in the mixed waste was due in part to proteolytic enzymes produced by bacteria in the waste.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Dimmock N. J. Differences between the thermal inactivation of picornaviruses at "high" and "low" temperatures. Virology. 1967 Feb;31(2):338–353. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(67)90179-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Herrmann J. E., Cliver D. O. Degradation of coxsackievirus type A9 by proteolytic enzymes. Infect Immun. 1973 Apr;7(4):513–517. doi: 10.1128/iai.7.4.513-517.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hurst C. J., Gerba C. P., Cech I. Effects of environmental variables and soil characteristics on virus survival in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Dec;40(6):1067–1079. doi: 10.1128/aem.40.6.1067-1079.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lynt R. K., Jr Survival and recovery of enterovirus from foods. Appl Microbiol. 1966 Mar;14(2):218–222. doi: 10.1128/am.14.2.218-222.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Salo R. J., Cliver D. O. Effect of acid pH, salts, and temperature on the infectivity and physical integrity of enteroviruses. Arch Virol. 1976;52(4):269–282. doi: 10.1007/BF01315616. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sobsey M. D., Dean C. H., Knuckles M. E., Wagner R. A. Interactions and survival of enteric viruses in soil materials. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Jul;40(1):92–101. doi: 10.1128/aem.40.1.92-101.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ward R. L. Evidence that microorganisms cause inactivation of viruses in activated sludge. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 May;43(5):1221–1224. doi: 10.1128/aem.43.5.1221-1224.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ward R. L., Knowlton D. R., Winston P. E. Mechanism of inactivation of enteric viruses in fresh water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Sep;52(3):450–459. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.3.450-459.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]