Abstract
Most case-control studies of colorectal cancer have shown a positive association with energy intake. In contrast studies which have considered physical activity have found the most active to have a lower risk of colonic cancer and obesity appears to be no more than weakly related to colorectal cancer. We therefore compared energy intake determined by a diet history interview, self-reported height and weight, together with measures of lifetime job activity levels and leisure activity in the year prior to interview in 147 cases with colorectal adenomas and two control groups (a) 153 age-sex matched FOB-negative subjects (b) 176 FOB-positive subjects in whom no adenoma or carcinoma was found. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals () adjusted for age, sex and social class. No association with weight or body mass index was found. The only association with physical activity found with both control groups was an inverse association with running or cycling for half an hour continuously at least once a week RR 0.46 (0.2-1.3) compared with control group (a), and RR = 0.32 (0.1-0.8) compared with (b), but few subjects engaged in such activity. There was an inverse association with energy intake (trend chi 2 = 5.3, P < 0.025) in the comparison with control group (a) only, a finding which is consistent with those of two previous studies of asymptomatic adenoma.
Full text
PDF![172](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/72bf/1968212/df7a1ee5214e/brjcancer00203-0182.png)
![173](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/72bf/1968212/3f5806901f26/brjcancer00203-0183.png)
![174](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/72bf/1968212/fc891190c3fb/brjcancer00203-0184.png)
![175](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/72bf/1968212/66cf1ff8cd90/brjcancer00203-0185.png)
![176](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/72bf/1968212/d7e8f5bee12c/brjcancer00203-0186.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bartram H. P., Wynder E. L. Physical activity and colon cancer risk? Physiological considerations. Am J Gastroenterol. 1989 Feb;84(2):109–112. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Correa P., Strong J. P., Johnson W. D., Pizzolato P., Haenszel W. Atherosclerosis and polyps of the colon. Quantification of precursors of coronary heart disease and colon cancer. J Chronic Dis. 1982;35(5):313–320. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(82)90002-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoff G., Moen I. E., Trygg K., Frølich W., Sauar J., Vatn M., Gjone E., Larsen S. Epidemiology of polyps in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Evaluation of nutritional factors. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1986 Mar;21(2):199–204. doi: 10.3109/00365528609034647. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hsieh C. C., Maisonneuve P., Boyle P., Macfarlane G. J., Roberston C. Analysis of quantitative data by quantiles in epidemiologic studies: classification according to cases, noncases, or all subjects? Epidemiology. 1991 Mar;2(2):137–140. doi: 10.1097/00001648-199103000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kato I., Tominaga S., Matsuura A., Yoshii Y., Shirai M., Kobayashi S. A comparative case-control study of colorectal cancer and adenoma. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1990 Nov;81(11):1101–1108. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1990.tb02520.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kono S., Shinchi K., Ikeda N., Yanai F., Imanishi K. Physical activity, dietary habits and adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon: a study of self-defense officials in Japan. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44(11):1255–1261. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(91)90158-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Little J., Logan R. F., Hawtin P. G., Hardcastle J. D., Turner I. D. Colorectal adenomas and diet: a case-control study of subjects participating in the Nottingham faecal occult blood screening programme. Br J Cancer. 1993 Jan;67(1):177–184. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1993.31. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Macquart-Moulin G., Riboli E., Cornée J., Kaaks R., Berthezène P. Colorectal polyps and diet: a case-control study in Marseilles. Int J Cancer. 1987 Aug 15;40(2):179–188. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910400209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mannes G. A., Maier A., Thieme C., Wiebecke B., Paumgartner G. Relation between the frequency of colorectal adenoma and the serum cholesterol level. N Engl J Med. 1986 Dec 25;315(26):1634–1638. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198612253152602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxfield M. E. The indirect measurement of energy expenditure in industrial situations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1971 Sep;24(9):1126–1138. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/24.9.1126. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sandler R. S., Martin Z. Z., Carlton N. M., Holland K. L. Adenomas of the large bowel after cholecystectomy. A case-control study. Dig Dis Sci. 1988 Sep;33(9):1178–1184. doi: 10.1007/BF01535797. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Severson R. K., Nomura A. M., Grove J. S., Stemmermann G. N. A prospective analysis of physical activity and cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Sep;130(3):522–529. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115366. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stemmermann G. N., Heilbrun L. K., Nomura A. M. Association of diet and other factors with adenomatous polyps of the large bowel: a prospective autopsy study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Feb;47(2):312–317. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/47.2.312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stemmermann G. N., Heilbrun L. K., Nomura A., Yano K., Hayashi T. Adenomatous polyps and atherosclerosis: an autopsy study of Japanese men in Hawaii. Int J Cancer. 1986 Dec 15;38(6):789–794. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910380602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taylor H. L., Jacobs D. R., Jr, Schucker B., Knudsen J., Leon A. S., Debacker G. A questionnaire for the assessment of leisure time physical activities. J Chronic Dis. 1978;31(12):741–755. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(78)90058-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Willett W. The search for the causes of breast and colon cancer. Nature. 1989 Mar 30;338(6214):389–394. doi: 10.1038/338389a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]