Skip to main content
NCBI home page
British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
. 1993 Jul;68(1):93–96. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1993.292

pS2 is an independent factor of good prognosis in primary breast cancer.

A M Thompson 1, R A Hawkins 1, R A Elton 1, C M Steel 1, U Chetty 1, D C Carter 1
PMCID: PMC1968288  PMID: 8318427

Abstract

In breast cancer, oestrogen regulated genes, such as pS2, may be expressed in well differentiated tumours with a good prognosis. We have examined pS2 mRNA expression in 78 primary, untreated breast cancers and related pS2 expression to disease behaviour and known prognostic factors. pS2 mRNA expression was detected in 25/78 (32%) of cancers and was significantly associated with a moderate/high oestrogen receptor content (P = 0.045, Chi Square test). pS2 mRNA expression was associated with freedom from disease at median 31 months clinical and radiological follow-up (P = 0.015, Fisher's exact test, odds ratio 8.6). Using multiple logistic regression analysis of six potential prognostic factors only pathological axillary node status (P < 0.01) and pS2 mRNA expression (P < 0.05) provided independent prognostic information. Furthermore, pS2 was associated with a good prognosis in the axillary node positive patients where only 1/13 (8%) with pS2 mRNA expression compared with 13/29 (45%) without detectable expression had recurrence of their disease. These data provides strong support for pS2 as a useful independent prognostic factor in primary breast cancer.

Full text

PDF
93

Images in this article

94Figure 1
on p.94

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson E. D., Forrest A. P., Levack P. A., Chetty U., Hawkins R. A. Response to endocrine manipulation and oestrogen receptor concentration in large operable primary breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1989 Aug;60(2):223–226. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1989.256. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Auffray C., Rougeon F. Purification of mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain messenger RNAs from total myeloma tumor RNA. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Jun;107(2):303–314. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb06030.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown A. M., Jeltsch J. M., Roberts M., Chambon P. Activation of pS2 gene transcription is a primary response to estrogen in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Oct;81(20):6344–6348. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.20.6344. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cailleau R., Young R., Olivé M., Reeves W. J., Jr Breast tumor cell lines from pleural effusions. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1974 Sep;53(3):661–674. doi: 10.1093/jnci/53.3.661. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cavailles V., Garcia M., Rochefort H. Regulation of cathepsin-D and pS2 gene expression by growth factors in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 1989 Mar;3(3):552–558. doi: 10.1210/mend-3-3-552. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Foekens J. A., Rio M. C., Seguin P., van Putten W. L., Fauque J., Nap M., Klijn J. G., Chambon P. Prediction of relapse and survival in breast cancer patients by pS2 protein status. Cancer Res. 1990 Jul 1;50(13):3832–3837. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Henry J. A., Nicholson S., Farndon J. R., Westley B. R., May F. E. Measurement of oestrogen receptor mRNA levels in human breast tumours. Br J Cancer. 1988 Nov;58(5):600–605. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1988.267. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Henry J. A., Nicholson S., Hennessy C., Lennard T. W., May F. E., Westley B. R. Expression of the oestrogen regulated pNR-2 mRNA in human breast cancer: relation to oestrogen receptor mRNA levels and response to tamoxifen therapy. Br J Cancer. 1990 Jan;61(1):32–38. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1990.8. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Henry J. A., Piggott N. H., Mallick U. K., Nicholson S., Farndon J. R., Westley B. R., May F. E. pNR-2/pS2 immunohistochemical staining in breast cancer: correlation with prognostic factors and endocrine response. Br J Cancer. 1991 Apr;63(4):615–622. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1991.141. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hähnel E., Joyce R., Sterrett G., Harvey J., Hähnel R. Detection of estradiol-induced messenger RNA (pS2) in uninvolved breast tissue from mastectomies for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1992 Mar;20(3):167–176. doi: 10.1007/BF01834622. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Jakowlew S. B., Breathnach R., Jeltsch J. M., Masiakowski P., Chambon P. Sequence of the pS2 mRNA induced by estrogen in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Mar 26;12(6):2861–2878. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.6.2861. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jeltsch J. M., Roberts M., Schatz C., Garnier J. M., Brown A. M., Chambon P. Structure of the human oestrogen-responsive gene pS2. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Feb 25;15(4):1401–1414. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.4.1401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnson M. D., Westley B. R., May F. E. Oestrogenic activity of tamoxifen and its metabolites on gene regulation and cell proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 1989 May;59(5):727–738. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1989.153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Keydar I., Chen L., Karby S., Weiss F. R., Delarea J., Radu M., Chaitcik S., Brenner H. J. Establishment and characterization of a cell line of human breast carcinoma origin. Eur J Cancer. 1979 May;15(5):659–670. doi: 10.1016/0014-2964(79)90139-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kida N., Yoshimura T., Mori K., Hayashi K. Hormonal regulation of synthesis and secretion of pS2 protein relevant to growth of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Cancer Res. 1989 Jul 1;49(13):3494–3498. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Masiakowski P., Breathnach R., Bloch J., Gannon F., Krust A., Chambon P. Cloning of cDNA sequences of hormone-regulated genes from the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Dec 20;10(24):7895–7903. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.24.7895. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. May F. E., Westley B. R. Effects of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen on the pNR-1 and pNR-2 estrogen-regulated RNAs in human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1987 Nov 25;262(33):15894–15899. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. May F. E., Westley B. R. Identification and characterization of estrogen-regulated RNAs in human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1988 Sep 15;263(26):12901–12908. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Minty A. J., Caravatti M., Robert B., Cohen A., Daubas P., Weydert A., Gros F., Buckingham M. E. Mouse actin messenger RNAs. Construction and characterization of a recombinant plasmid molecule containing a complementary DNA transcript of mouse alpha-actin mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1981 Jan 25;256(2):1008–1014. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Moisan J. P., Mattei M. G., Mandel J. L. Chromosome localization and polymorphism of an oestrogen-inducible gene specifically expressed in some breast cancers. Hum Genet. 1988 Jun;79(2):168–171. doi: 10.1007/BF00280558. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mori K., Fujii R., Kida N., Takahashi H., Ohkubo S., Fujino M., Ohta M., Hayashi K. Complete primary structure of the human estrogen-responsive gene (pS2) product. J Biochem. 1990 Jan;107(1):73–76. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Predine J., Spyratos F., Prud'homme J. F., Andrieu C., Hacene K., Brunet M., Pallud C., Milgrom E. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of pS2 in breast cancers, benign tumors, and normal breast tissues. Correlation with prognosis and adjuvant hormone therapy. Cancer. 1992 Apr 15;69(8):2116–2123. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19920415)69:8<2116::aid-cncr2820690818>3.0.co;2-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Prud'homme J. F., Jolivet A., Pichon M. F., Savouret J. F., Milgrom E. Monoclonal antibodies against native ant denatured forms of estrogen-induced breast cancer protein (BCEI/pS2) obtained by expression in Escherichia coli. Cancer Res. 1990 Apr 15;50(8):2390–2396. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Raam S., Robert N., Pappas C. A., Tamura H. Defective estrogen receptors in human mammary cancers: their significance in defining hormone dependence. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988 Jul 20;80(10):756–761. doi: 10.1093/jnci/80.10.756. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rio M. C., Bellocq J. P., Gairard B., Rasmussen U. B., Krust A., Koehl C., Calderoli H., Schiff V., Renaud R., Chambon P. Specific expression of the pS2 gene in subclasses of breast cancers in comparison with expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and the oncogene ERBB2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(24):9243–9247. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.24.9243. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Schwartz L. H., Koerner F. C., Edgerton S. M., Sawicka J. M., Rio M. C., Bellocq J. P., Chambon P., Thor A. D. pS2 expression and response to hormonal therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Res. 1991 Jan 15;51(2):624–628. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Skilton R. A., Luqmani Y. A., McClelland R. A., Coombes R. C. Characterisation of a messenger RNA selectively expressed in human breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1989 Aug;60(2):168–175. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1989.245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Soule H. D., Vazguez J., Long A., Albert S., Brennan M. A human cell line from a pleural effusion derived from a breast carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1973 Nov;51(5):1409–1416. doi: 10.1093/jnci/51.5.1409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Stack G., Kumar V., Green S., Ponglikitmongkol M., Berry M., Rio M. C., Nunez A. M., Roberts M., Koehl C., Bellocq P. Structure and function of the pS2 gene and estrogen receptor in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Treat Res. 1988;40:185–206. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1733-3_8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Westley B., May F. E. Estrogen-regulated messenger RNAs in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Treat Res. 1991;53:259–271. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3940-7_12. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Zaretsky J. Z., Weiss M., Tsarfaty I., Hareuveni M., Wreschner D. H., Keydar I. Expression of genes coding for pS2, c-erbB2, estrogen receptor and the H23 breast tumor-associated antigen. A comparative analysis in breast cancer. FEBS Lett. 1990 Jun 4;265(1-2):46–50. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80880-r. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Cancer are provided here courtesy of Cancer Research UK

RESOURCES