Skip to main content
NCBI home page
British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
editorial
. 1994 Jun;69(6):979–985. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1994.192

Statistical aspects of prognostic factor studies in oncology.

R Simon, D G Altman
PMCID: PMC1969431  PMID: 8198989

Full text

PDF
979

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Altman D. G., Andersen P. K. Bootstrap investigation of the stability of a Cox regression model. Stat Med. 1989 Jul;8(7):771–783. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780080702. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Altman D. G. Categorising continuous variables. Br J Cancer. 1991 Nov;64(5):975–975. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1991.441. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Blay J. Y., Lasset C., Carrie C., Chauvin F., Coiffier B., Gisselbrecht C., Clavel M., Rebattu P., Brunat-Mentigny M., Philip T. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with non HIV-related primary cerebral lymphoma. A proposal for a prognostic scoring. Br J Cancer. 1993 May;67(5):1136–1141. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1993.209. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Buyse M. E. Analysis of clinical trial outcomes: some comments on subgroup analyses. Control Clin Trials. 1989 Dec;10(4 Suppl):187S–194S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(89)90057-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Courdi A., Héry M., Chauvel P., Gioanni J., Namer M., Demard F. Prognostic value of continuous variables in breast cancer and head and neck cancer. Dependence on the cut-off level. Br J Cancer. 1988 Jul;58(1):88–90. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1988.169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cuzick J., Cooper E. H., MacLennan I. C. The prognostic value of serum beta 2 microglobulin compared with other presentation features in myelomatosis. Br J Cancer. 1985 Jul;52(1):1–6. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1985.140. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dixon D. O., Simon R. Bayesian subset analysis in a colorectal cancer clinical trial. Stat Med. 1992 Jan 15;11(1):13–22. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780110104. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Durrleman S., Simon R. Flexible regression models with cubic splines. Stat Med. 1989 May;8(5):551–561. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780080504. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Eeles R. A., Fisher C., A'Hern R. P., Robinson M., Rhys-Evans P., Henk J. M., Archer D., Harmer C. L. Head and neck sarcomas: prognostic factors and implications for treatment. Br J Cancer. 1993 Jul;68(1):201–207. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1993.314. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fayers P.M., Rustin G., Wood R., Nelstrop A., Leonard R.C.F., Wilkinson P., Cruickshank D., McAllister E.J., Redman C.W.E., Parker D. The prognostic value of serum CA 125 in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma: an analysis of 573 patients by the Medical Research Council Working Party on Gynaecological Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 1993 Sep;3(5):285–292. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1438.1993.03050285.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fisher B., Wolmark N., Rockette H., Redmond C., Deutsch M., Wickerham D. L., Fisher E. R., Caplan R., Jones J., Lerner H. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for rectal cancer: results from NSABP protocol R-01. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988 Mar 2;80(1):21–29. doi: 10.1093/jnci/80.1.21. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gail M. H. Evaluating serial cancer marker studies in patients at risk of recurrent disease. Biometrics. 1981 Mar;37(1):67–78. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gail M., Simon R. Testing for qualitative interactions between treatment effects and patient subsets. Biometrics. 1985 Jun;41(2):361–372. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gasparini G., Pozza F., Harris A. L. Evaluating the potential usefulness of new prognostic and predictive indicators in node-negative breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Aug 4;85(15):1206–1219. doi: 10.1093/jnci/85.15.1206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. George S. L. Identification and assessment of prognostic factors. Semin Oncol. 1988 Oct;15(5):462–471. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gray-Donald K., Kramer M. S. Causality inference in observational vs. experimental studies. An empirical comparison. Am J Epidemiol. 1988 May;127(5):885–892. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114891. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Gregory W. M. Adjusting survival curves for imbalances in prognostic factors. Br J Cancer. 1988 Aug;58(2):202–204. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1988.193. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Harrell F. E., Jr, Lee K. L., Matchar D. B., Reichert T. A. Regression models for prognostic prediction: advantages, problems, and suggested solutions. Cancer Treat Rep. 1985 Oct;69(10):1071–1077. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hastie T., Sleeper L., Tibshirani R. Flexible covariate effects in the proportional hazards model. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1992;22(3):241–250. doi: 10.1007/BF01840837. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hauck W. W., Miike R. A proposal for examining and reporting stepwise regressions. Stat Med. 1991 May;10(5):711–715. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780100505. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hilsenbeck S. G., Clark G. M., McGuire W. L. Why do so many prognostic factors fail to pan out? Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1992;22(3):197–206. doi: 10.1007/BF01840833. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Korn E. L., Simon R. Measures of explained variation for survival data. Stat Med. 1990 May;9(5):487–503. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780090503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Levine M. N., Browman G. P., Gent M., Roberts R., Goodyear M. When is a prognostic factor useful? A guide for the perplexed. J Clin Oncol. 1991 Feb;9(2):348–356. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.2.348. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lippman M. E., Allegra J. C., Thompson E. B., Simon R., Barlock A., Green L., Huff K. K., Do H. M., Aitken S. C., Warren R. The relation between estrogen receptors and response rate to cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1978 Jun 1;298(22):1223–1228. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197806012982203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. McGuire W. L. Breast cancer prognostic factors: evaluation guidelines. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Feb 6;83(3):154–155. doi: 10.1093/jnci/83.3.154. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. O'Reilly S. M., Richards M. A. Is DNA flow cytometry a useful investigation in breast cancer? Eur J Cancer. 1992;28(2-3):504–507. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(05)80088-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Palmer M. K., Hann I. M., Jones P. M., Evans D. I. A score at diagnosis for predicting length of remission in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Cancer. 1980 Dec;42(6):841–849. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1980.331. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rawson N. S., Peto J. An overview of prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer. A report from the Subcommittee for the Management of Lung Cancer of the United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research. Br J Cancer. 1990 Apr;61(4):597–604. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1990.133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Schmoor C., Ulm K., Schumacher M. Comparison of the Cox model and the regression tree procedure in analysing a randomized clinical trial. Stat Med. 1993 Dec 30;12(24):2351–2366. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780122411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Simon R. Confidence intervals for reporting results of clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 1986 Sep;105(3):429–435. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-105-3-429. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Simon R. Patient subsets and variation in therapeutic efficacy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982 Oct;14(4):473–482. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb02015.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Steyerberg E. W., Keizer H. J., Zwartendijk J., Van Rijk G. L., Van Groeningen C. J., Habbema J. D., Stoter G. Prognosis after resection of residual masses following chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer: a multivariate analysis. Br J Cancer. 1993 Jul;68(1):195–200. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1993.313. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tukey J. W. Some thoughts on clinical trials, especially problems of multiplicity. Science. 1977 Nov 18;198(4318):679–684. doi: 10.1126/science.333584. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Cancer are provided here courtesy of Cancer Research UK

RESOURCES