Abstract
We report the development of techniques for the genetic mapping of point mutations in the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. A plasmid vector which is self-transmissible by conjugation and which, by insertion into the B. pertussis chromosome, can mobilize chromosomal sequences during conjugation with a recipient B. pertussis bacterium has been constructed. This vector is used in conjunction with a set of strains containing kanamycin resistance gene insertions at defined physical locations in the B. pertussis genome. In crosses between these donor strains and a mutant recipient strain, transfer of a chromosomal segment flanking the kanamycin resistance gene insertion is selected for, and the percentage of exconjugants which reacquire the wild-type trait is scored. In this way the linkage of the mutant allele to these markers, and thus the approximate chromosomal position of the mutant allele, is determined. We have used this genetic system to map a newly described locus in B. pertussis involved in the regulation of the virulence genes ptx (pertussis toxin) and cya (adenylate cyclase toxin).
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aricó B., Miller J. F., Roy C., Stibitz S., Monack D., Falkow S., Gross R., Rappuoli R. Sequences required for expression of Bordetella pertussis virulence factors share homology with prokaryotic signal transduction proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6671–6675. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6671. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Breckenridge L., Gorini L. Genetic analysis of streptomycin resistance in Escherichia coli. Genetics. 1970 May;65(1):9–25. doi: 10.1093/genetics/65.1.9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carbonetti N. H., Fuchs T. M., Patamawenu A. A., Irish T. J., Deppisch H., Gross R. Effect of mutations causing overexpression of RNA polymerase alpha subunit on regulation of virulence factors in Bordetella pertussis. J Bacteriol. 1994 Dec;176(23):7267–7273. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.23.7267-7273.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carbonetti N. H., Khelef N., Guiso N., Gross R. A phase variant of Bordetella pertussis with a mutation in a new locus involved in the regulation of pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin expression. J Bacteriol. 1993 Oct;175(20):6679–6688. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.20.6679-6688.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ezekiel D. H., Hutchins J. E. Mutations affecting RNA polymerase associated with rifampicin resistance in Escherichia coli. Nature. 1968 Oct 19;220(5164):276–277. doi: 10.1038/220276a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Figurski D. H., Helinski D. R. Replication of an origin-containing derivative of plasmid RK2 dependent on a plasmid function provided in trans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1648–1652. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goyard S., Ullmann A. Analysis of Bordetella pertussis cya operon regulation by use of cya-lac fusions. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1991 Jan 15;61(2-3):251–256. doi: 10.1016/0378-1097(91)90561-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gross R., Carbonetti N. H. Differential regulation of Bordetella pertussis virulence factors. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1993 Apr;278(2-3):177–186. doi: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80835-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hane M. W., Wood T. H. Escherichia coli K-12 mutants resistant to nalidixic acid: genetic mapping and dominance studies. J Bacteriol. 1969 Jul;99(1):238–241. doi: 10.1128/jb.99.1.238-241.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Helser T. L., Davies J. E., Dahlberg J. E. Mechanism of kasugamycin resistance in Escherichia coli. Nat New Biol. 1972 Jan 5;235(53):6–9. doi: 10.1038/newbio235006a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hohn B., Collins J. A small cosmid for efficient cloning of large DNA fragments. Gene. 1980 Nov;11(3-4):291–298. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90069-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hung M. C., Wensink P. C. Different restriction enzyme-generated sticky DNA ends can be joined in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Feb 24;12(4):1863–1874. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.4.1863. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KASUGA T., NAKASE Y., UKISHIMA K., TAKATSU K. Studies on Haemophilus pertussis. V. Relation between the phase of bacilli and the progress of the whooping-cough. Kitasato Arch Exp Med. 1954 Sep;27(3):57–62. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Knapp S., Mekalanos J. J. Two trans-acting regulatory genes (vir and mod) control antigenic modulation in Bordetella pertussis. J Bacteriol. 1988 Nov;170(11):5059–5066. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.11.5059-5066.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miller J. F., Roy C. R., Falkow S. Analysis of Bordetella pertussis virulence gene regulation by use of transcriptional fusions in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1989 Nov;171(11):6345–6348. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.11.6345-6348.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pansegrau W., Lanka E., Barth P. T., Figurski D. H., Guiney D. G., Haas D., Helinski D. R., Schwab H., Stanisich V. A., Thomas C. M. Complete nucleotide sequence of Birmingham IncP alpha plasmids. Compilation and comparative analysis. J Mol Biol. 1994 Jun 24;239(5):623–663. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roy C. R., Falkow S. Identification of Bordetella pertussis regulatory sequences required for transcriptional activation of the fhaB gene and autoregulation of the bvgAS operon. J Bacteriol. 1991 Apr;173(7):2385–2392. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.7.2385-2392.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scarlato V., Aricò B., Rappuoli R. DNA topology affects transcriptional regulation of the pertussis toxin gene of Bordetella pertussis in Escherichia coli and in vitro. J Bacteriol. 1993 Aug;175(15):4764–4771. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.15.4764-4771.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stibitz S., Garletts T. L. Derivation of a physical map of the chromosome of Bordetella pertussis Tohama I. J Bacteriol. 1992 Dec;174(23):7770–7777. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.23.7770-7777.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stibitz S. Use of conditionally counterselectable suicide vectors for allelic exchange. Methods Enzymol. 1994;235:458–465. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)35161-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stibitz S., Weiss A. A., Falkow S. Genetic analysis of a region of the Bordetella pertussis chromosome encoding filamentous hemagglutinin and the pleiotropic regulatory locus vir. J Bacteriol. 1988 Jul;170(7):2904–2913. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.7.2904-2913.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stibitz S., Yang M. S. Subcellular localization and immunological detection of proteins encoded by the vir locus of Bordetella pertussis. J Bacteriol. 1991 Jul;173(14):4288–4296. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.14.4288-4296.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weiss A. A., Hewlett E. L., Myers G. A., Falkow S. Tn5-induced mutations affecting virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun. 1983 Oct;42(1):33–41. doi: 10.1128/iai.42.1.33-41.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wohlleben W., Arnold W., Bissonnette L., Pelletier A., Tanguay A., Roy P. H., Gamboa G. C., Barry G. F., Aubert E., Davies J. On the evolution of Tn21-like multiresistance transposons: sequence analysis of the gene (aacC1) for gentamicin acetyltransferase-3-I(AAC(3)-I), another member of the Tn21-based expression cassette. Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Jun;217(2-3):202–208. doi: 10.1007/BF02464882. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yakobson E. A., Guiney D. G., Jr Conjugal transfer of bacterial chromosomes mediated by the RK2 plasmid transfer origin cloned into transposon Tn5. J Bacteriol. 1984 Oct;160(1):451–453. doi: 10.1128/jb.160.1.451-453.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]