Skip to main content
British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
. 1984 Mar;49(3):333–336. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1984.52

Cellular effects of smoke from "safer" cigarettes.

J M Hopkin, H J Evans
PMCID: PMC1976752  PMID: 6704309

Abstract

Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity are basic cellular effects of cigarette smoke which underlie the development of lung cancer and chronic obstructive airways disease. This study reports that, on a weight-for-weight basis, cigarette smoke condensates from low, middle and high tar cigarettes produce similar mutagenic effects detected by induced sister chromatid exchanges and similar cytotoxic effects detected by vital dye exclusion in human leucocytes. These findings, taken with the strong evidence that smokers extract more smoke from lower tar cigarettes to compensate for low nicotine yields, suggest that the health dangers associated with smoking these "safer" products are underestimated.

Full text

PDF
333

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Benowitz N. L., Hall S. M., Herning R. I., Jacob P., 3rd, Jones R. T., Osman A. L. Smokers of low-yield cigarettes do not consume less nicotine. N Engl J Med. 1983 Jul 21;309(3):139–142. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198307213090303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blue M. L., Janoff A. Possible mechanisms of emphysema in cigarette smokers. Release of elastase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by cigarette smoke condensate in vitro. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978 Feb;117(2):317–325. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1978.117.2.317. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. DARK J., PEMBERTON M., O'CONNOR M., RUSSELL M. H. RELIGHTING OF CIGARETTES AND LUNG CANCER. Br Med J. 1963 Nov 9;2(5366):1164–1166. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5366.1164. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. DOLL R., HILL A. B., GRAY P. G., PARR E. A. Lung cancer mortality and the length of cigarette ends; an international comparison. Br Med J. 1959 Feb 7;1(5118):322–325. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5118.322. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Doll R., Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors. Br Med J. 1976 Dec 25;2(6051):1525–1536. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6051.1525. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Higenbottam T., Clark T. J., Shipley M. J., Rose G. Lung function and symptoms of cigarette smokers related to tar yield and number of cigarettes smoked. Lancet. 1980 Feb 23;1(8165):409–411. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90955-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ho-Yen D. O., Spence V. A., Moody J. P., Walker W. F. Why smoke fewer cigarettes? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Jun 26;284(6333):1905–1907. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6333.1905. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hopkin J. M., Evans H. J. Cigarette smoke condensates damage DNA in human lymphocytes. Nature. 1979 May 17;279(5710):241–242. doi: 10.1038/279241a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hopkin J. M., Tomlinson V. S., Jenkins R. M. Variation in response to cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 Nov 7;283(6301):1209–1211. doi: 10.1136/bmj.283.6301.1209. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hopkins J. M., Evans H. J. Cigarette smoke-induced DNA damage and lung cancer risks. Nature. 1980 Jan 24;283(5745):388–390. doi: 10.1038/283388a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kato H., Shimada H. Sister chromatid exchanges induced by mitomycin C: a new method of detecting DNA damage at chromosomal level. Mutat Res. 1975 Jun;28(3):459–464. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(75)90240-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lenfant C. Are "low-yield" cigarettes really safer? N Engl J Med. 1983 Jul 21;309(3):181–182. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198307213090310. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Sato S., Seino Y., Ohka T., Yahagi T., Nagao M., Matsushima T., Sugimura T. Mutagenicity of smoke condensates from cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco. Cancer Lett. 1977 Jul;3(1-2):1–8. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3835(77)93662-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Vesey C. J., Saloojee Y., Cole P. V., Russell M. A. Blood carboxyhaemoglobin, plasma thiocyanate, and cigarette consumption: implications for epidemiological studies in smokers. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 May 22;284(6328):1516–1518. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6328.1516. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Vesey C. J., Saloojee Y., Cole P. V., Russell M. A. Blood carboxyhaemoglobin, plasma thiocyanate, and cigarette consumption: implications for epidemiological studies in smokers. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 May 22;284(6328):1516–1518. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6328.1516. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Wald N., Doll R., Copeland G. Trends in tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of UK cigarettes manufactured since 1934. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 Mar 7;282(6266):763–765. doi: 10.1136/bmj.282.6266.763. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Cancer are provided here courtesy of Cancer Research UK

RESOURCES