Skip to main content
PMC home page
British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
. 1991 Dec;64(6):1108–1115. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1991.473

Distribution and photodynamic effect of disulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine in the pancreas and adjacent tissues in the Syrian golden hamster.

P J Nuutinen 1, P T Chatlani 1, J Bedwell 1, A J MacRobert 1, D Phillips 1, S G Bown 1
PMCID: PMC1977869  PMID: 1764374

Abstract

Necrosis of small volumes of tumour tissue with photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be achieved relatively easily. For this to be clinically relevant, it is essential to know what the same treatment parameters do to adjacent normal tissues into which the tumour has spread. For pancreatic cancers, local spread to vital structures is common. We have studied chemical extraction, microscopic fluorescence kinetics and photodynamic effects of disulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlS2Pc) in normal pancreas and adjacent tissues in hamsters. Chemical extraction exhibited a peak duodenal concentration of AlS2Pc 48 h after sensitisation, with levels much higher than in stomach and pancreas. With microscopic fluorescence photometry highest levels were seen in duodenal submucosa and bile duct walls 48 h after photosensitisation. Pancreatic ducts, duodenal mucosa and gastric mucosa and submucosa exhibited intermediate fluorescence with relatively weak fluorescence in pancreatic acinar tissue and the muscle layer of the stomach. As expected, on the basis of fluorescence intensity and chemical extraction studies, the duodenal and bile duct wall were the most vulnerable tissues to photodynamic therapy. When the dose of 5 mumol kg-1 of sensitiser was used, duodenal perforations, gastric ulcers and transudation of bile from the bile duct occurred. However, the lesions in the stomach and bile duct healed without perforation or obstruction, so only the duodenum was at risk of serious, irreversible damage. Using a lower dose of photosensitiser markedly reduced damage.

Full text

PDF

Images in this article

1111Figure 5
on p.1111
1111Figure 6
on p.1111
1112Figure 7
on p.1112
1112Figure 8
on p.1112
1113Figure 9
on p.1113
1113Figure 10
on p.1113

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Barr H., Chatlani P., Tralau C. J., MacRobert A. J., Boulos P. B., Bown S. G. Local eradication of rat colon cancer with photodynamic therapy: correlation of distribution of photosensitiser with biological effects in normal and tumour tissue. Gut. 1991 May;32(5):517–523. doi: 10.1136/gut.32.5.517. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barr H., Tralau C. J., Boulos P. B., MacRobert A. J., Krasner N., Phillips D., Bown S. G. Selective necrosis in dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon tumors using phthalocyanine photodynamic therapy. Gastroenterology. 1990 Jun;98(6):1532–1537. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(90)91086-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barr H., Tralau C. J., Boulos P. B., MacRobert A. J., Tilly R., Bown S. G. The contrasting mechanisms of colonic collagen damage between photodynamic therapy and thermal injury. Photochem Photobiol. 1987 Nov;46(5):795–800. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04850.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Berg K., Bommer J. C., Moan J. Evaluation of sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines for use in photochemotherapy. Cellular uptake studies. Cancer Lett. 1989 Jan;44(1):7–15. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(89)90101-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bown S. G., Tralau C. J., Smith P. D., Akdemir D., Wieman T. J. Photodynamic therapy with porphyrin and phthalocyanine sensitisation: quantitative studies in normal rat liver. Br J Cancer. 1986 Jul;54(1):43–52. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1986.150. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brasseur N., Ali H., Autenrieth D., Langlois R., van Lier J. E. Biological activities of phthalocyanines--III. Photoinactivation of V-79 Chinese hamster cells by tetrasulfophthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol. 1985 Nov;42(5):515–521. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb01603.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brasseur N., Ali H., Langlois R., Wagner J. R., Rousseau J., van Lier J. E. Biological activities of phthalocyanines--V. Photodynamic therapy of EMT-6 mammary tumors in mice with sulfonated phthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol. 1987 May;45(5):581–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb07383.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chan W. S., MacRobert A. J., Phillips D., Hart I. R. Use of charge coupled device camera for imaging of intracellular phthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol. 1989 Nov;50(5):617–624. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb04317.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Chan W. S., Marshall J. F., Lam G. Y., Hart I. R. Tissue uptake, distribution, and potency of the photoactivatable dye chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine in mice bearing transplantable tumors. Cancer Res. 1988 Jun 1;48(11):3040–3044. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chan W. S., Marshall J. F., Svensen R., Bedwell J., Hart I. R. Effect of sulfonation on the cell and tissue distribution of the photosensitizer aluminum phthalocyanine. Cancer Res. 1990 Aug 1;50(15):4533–4538. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Chatlani P. T., Bedwell J., MacRobert A. J., Barr H., Boulos P. B., Krasner N., Phillips D., Bown S. G. Comparison of distribution and photodynamic effects of di- and tetra-sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanines in normal rat colon. Photochem Photobiol. 1991 Jun;53(6):745–751. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb09887.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Li J. H., Guo Z. H., Jin M. L., Zhao F. Y., Cai W. M., Gao M. L., Shu M. Y., Zou J. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignant tumours: an analysis of 540 cases. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1990 Jun;6(1-2):149–155. doi: 10.1016/1011-1344(90)85084-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mang T. S., Dougherty T. J., Potter W. R., Boyle D. G., Somer S., Moan J. Photobleaching of porphyrins used in photodynamic therapy and implications for therapy. Photochem Photobiol. 1987 Apr;45(4):501–506. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb05409.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. McCaughan J. S., Jr, Mertens B. F., Cho C., Barabash R. D., Payton H. W. Photodynamic therapy to treat tumors of the extrahepatic biliary ducts. A case report. Arch Surg. 1991 Jan;126(1):111–113. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410250119022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Paquette B., Ali H., Langlois R., van Lier J. E. Biological activities of phthalocyanines--VIII. Cellular distribution in V-79 Chinese hamster cells and phototoxicity of selectively sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol. 1988 Feb;47(2):215–220. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1988.tb02717.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Peng Q., Nesland J. M., Moan J., Evensen J. F., Kongshaug M., Rimington C. Localization of fluorescent Photofrin II and aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate in transplanted human malignant tumor LOX and normal tissues of nude mice using highly light-sensitive video intensification microscopy. Int J Cancer. 1990 May 15;45(5):972–979. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910450533. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Potter W. R., Mang T. S., Dougherty T. J. The theory of photodynamic therapy dosimetry: consequences of photo-destruction of sensitizer. Photochem Photobiol. 1987 Jul;46(1):97–101. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04741.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Roberts W. G., Smith K. M., McCullough J. L., Berns M. W. Skin photosensitivity and photodestruction of several potential photodynamic sensitizers. Photochem Photobiol. 1989 Apr;49(4):431–438. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb09191.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schroder T., Chen I. W., Sperling M., Bell R. H., Jr, Brackett K., Joffe S. N. Hematoporphyrin derivative uptake and photodynamic therapy in pancreatic carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 1988 May;38(1):4–9. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930380103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Tralau C. J., Barr H., Sandeman D. R., Barton T., Lewin M. R., Bown S. G. Aluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine distribution in rodent tumors of the colon, brain and pancreas. Photochem Photobiol. 1987 Nov;46(5):777–781. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04847.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Tralau C. J., Young A. R., Walker N. P., Vernon D. I., MacRobert A. J., Brown S. B., Bown S. G. Mouse skin photosensitivity with dihaematoporphyrin ether (DHE) and aluminium sulphonated phthalocyanine (AlSPc): a comparative study. Photochem Photobiol. 1989 Mar;49(3):305–312. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb04111.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Cancer are provided here courtesy of Cancer Research UK

RESOURCES