Skip to main content
NCBI home page
British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
. 1986 May;53(5):673–681. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1986.111

Smoking and lung cancer with special regard to type of smoking and type of cancer. A case-control study in north Sweden.

L A Damber, L G Larsson
PMCID: PMC2001370  PMID: 3013266

Abstract

The aetiologic role of tobacco smoking was elucidated in a case-control study comprising 579 cases of male lung cancer registered during 1972-1977 in northern Sweden. The population aetiologic fraction attributable to smoking was about 80% in this series. Pipe smoking was as common as cigarette smoking and gave similar relative risk. The pipe smoking cases, however, had significantly higher mean age and mean smoking years at the time of diagnosis than the cigarette smoking cases. An obvious dose-response relation was found for both cigarette and pipe smoking. In ex-smokers, the relative risk gradually decreased from five years after cessation of smoking. This decrease was, however, much less pronounced in ex-pipe smokers than in ex-cigarette smokers. High relative risks were obtained for small cell and squamous cell carcinomas. For adenocarcinomas the relative risk was considerably lower but still significantly increased. Two types of controls were used, i.e. decreased and living. Comparison with living controls gave generally higher risk estimates than comparison with deceased controls.

Full text

PDF
673

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. DOLL R., HILL A. B. A study of the aetiology of carcinoma of the lung. Br Med J. 1952 Dec 13;2(4797):1271–1286. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.4797.1271. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. DOLL R., HILL A. B. MORTALITY IN RELATION TO SMOKING: TEN YEARS' OBSERVATIONS OF BRITISH DOCTORS. Br Med J. 1964 Jun 6;1(5396):1460–CONCL. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5396.1460. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. DOLL R., HILL A. B. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report. Br Med J. 1950 Sep 30;2(4682):739–748. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Damber L., Larsson L. G. Combined effects of mining and smoking in the causation of lung carcinoma. A case-control study in northern Sweden. Acta Radiol Oncol. 1982;21(5):305–313. doi: 10.3109/02841868209134020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Damber L., Larsson L. G. Professional driving, smoking, and lung cancer: a case referent study. Br J Ind Med. 1985 Apr;42(4):246–252. doi: 10.1136/oem.42.4.246. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Doll R., Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors. Br Med J. 1976 Dec 25;2(6051):1525–1536. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6051.1525. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. HAENSZEL W., LOVELAND D. B., SIRKEN M. G. Lung-cancer mortality as related to residence and smoking histories. I. White males. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1962 Apr;28:947–1001. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hammond E. C. Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1966 Jan;19:127–204. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. LEVIN M. L., GOLDSTEIN H., GERHARDT P. R. Cancer and tobacco smoking; a preliminary report. J Am Med Assoc. 1950 May 27;143(4):336–338. doi: 10.1001/jama.1950.02910390008002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lubin J. H., Richter B. S., Blot W. J. Lung cancer risk with cigar and pipe use. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Aug;73(2):377–381. doi: 10.1093/jnci/73.2.377. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. MANTEL N., HAENSZEL W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1959 Apr;22(4):719–748. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Miettinen O. S. Proportion of disease caused or prevented by a given exposure, trait or intervention. Am J Epidemiol. 1974 May;99(5):325–332. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121617. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. PERNU J. An epidemiological study of cancer of the digestive organs and respiratory system. A study based on 7078 cases. Ann Med Intern Fenn Suppl. 1960;49(Suppl 33):1–117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. RANDIG K. Zur Atiologie des Lungenkrebses; Fragen und Ergebnisse. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1955 May 6;80(18):718–724. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1116500. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Reif A. E. Effect of cigarette smoking on susceptibility to lung cancer. Oncology. 1981;38(2):76–85. doi: 10.1159/000225528. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Stayner L. T., Wegman D. H. Smoking, occupation, and histopathology of lung cancer: a case-control study with the use of the Third National Cancer Survey. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1983 Mar;70(3):421–426. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. WYNDER E. L., GRAHAM E. A. Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchiogenic carcinoma; a study of 684 proved cases. J Am Med Assoc. 1950 May 27;143(4):329–336. doi: 10.1001/jama.1950.02910390001001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Weiss W., Boucot K. R., Seidman H., Carnahan W. J. Risk of lung cancer according to histologic type and cigarette dosage. JAMA. 1972 Nov 13;222(7):799–801. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Wynder E. L., Goodman M. T. Smoking and lung cancer: some unresolved issues. Epidemiol Rev. 1983;5:177–207. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036258. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Cancer are provided here courtesy of Cancer Research UK

RESOURCES