Skip to main content
PMC home page
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1994 Jan;60(1):323–327. doi: 10.1128/aem.60.1.323-327.1994

A method for detection of aromatic metabolites at very low concentrations: application to detection of metabolites of anaerobic toluene degradation.

E A Edwards 1, A M Edwards 1, D Grbić-Galić 1
PMCID: PMC201306  PMID: 8117085

Abstract

Difficulties inherent in working with anaerobic microorganisms and mixed cultures have hampered efforts to detect and identify metabolites of anaerobic degradation of monoaromatic compounds. Isotope-trapping experiments and analysis using a high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a flow-through radioactivity detector were used to detect very low concentrations of metabolites. Data obtained by this method suggest that toluene was degraded via methyl hydroxylation by a mixed methanogenic culture.

Full text

PDF
323

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Altenschmidt U., Fuchs G. Anaerobic degradation of toluene in denitrifying Pseudomonas sp.: indication for toluene methylhydroxylation and benzoyl-CoA as central aromatic intermediate. Arch Microbiol. 1991;156(2):152–158. doi: 10.1007/BF00290990. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Beller H. R., Reinhard M., Grbić-Galić D. Metabolic by-products of anaerobic toluene degradation by sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Sep;58(9):3192–3195. doi: 10.1128/aem.58.9.3192-3195.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dolfing J., Zeyer J., Binder-Eicher P., Schwarzenbach R. P. Isolation and characterization of a bacterium that mineralizes toluene in the absence of molecular oxygen. Arch Microbiol. 1990;154(4):336–341. doi: 10.1007/BF00276528. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Edwards E. A., Grbić-Galić D. Anaerobic degradation of toluene and o-xylene by a methanogenic consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jan;60(1):313–322. doi: 10.1128/aem.60.1.313-322.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Edwards E. A., Wills L. E., Reinhard M., Grbić-Galić D. Anaerobic degradation of toluene and xylene by aquifer microorganisms under sulfate-reducing conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Mar;58(3):794–800. doi: 10.1128/aem.58.3.794-800.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Evans P. J., Ling W., Goldschmidt B., Ritter E. R., Young L. Y. Metabolites formed during anaerobic transformation of toluene and o-xylene and their proposed relationship to the initial steps of toluene mineralization. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Feb;58(2):496–501. doi: 10.1128/aem.58.2.496-501.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Grbić-Galić D., Vogel T. M. Transformation of toluene and benzene by mixed methanogenic cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Feb;53(2):254–260. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.2.254-260.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lovley D. R., Lonergan D. J. Anaerobic Oxidation of Toluene, Phenol, and p-Cresol by the Dissimilatory Iron-Reducing Organism, GS-15. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Jun;56(6):1858–1864. doi: 10.1128/aem.56.6.1858-1864.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Schocher R. J., Seyfried B., Vazquez F., Zeyer J. Anaerobic degradation of toluene by pure cultures of denitrifying bacteria. Arch Microbiol. 1991;157(1):7–12. doi: 10.1007/BF00245327. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Stanier R. Y. Simultaneous Adaptation: A New Technique for the Study of Metabolic Pathways. J Bacteriol. 1947 Sep;54(3):339–348. doi: 10.1128/jb.54.3.339-348.1947. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Vogel T. M., Grbìc-Galìc D. Incorporation of Oxygen from Water into Toluene and Benzene during Anaerobic Fermentative Transformation. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Jul;52(1):200–202. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.1.200-202.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES