Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1994 Feb;60(2):576–580. doi: 10.1128/aem.60.2.576-580.1994

Xylose and Glucose Utilization by Bacteroides xylanolyticus X5-1 Cells Grown in Batch and Continuous Culture

Steef Biesterveld 1, Stefanie J W H Oude Elferink 1, Alexander J B Zehnder 1,†, Alfons J M Stams 1,*
PMCID: PMC201351  PMID: 16349187

Abstract

During cultivation on a mixture of xylose and glucose, Bacteroides xylanolyticus X5-1 showed neither diauxic growth nor a substrate preference. Xylose-limited continuous-culture cells were able to consume xylose and glucose both as single substrates and as mixed substrates without any lag phase. When glucose was the growth-limiting substrate, the microorganism was unable to consume xylose. However, in the presence of a small amount of glucose or pyruvate, xylose was utilized after a short lag phase. In glucose-limited cells, xylose isomerase was present at low activity but xylulose kinase activity could not be detected. On addition of a mixture of xylose and glucose, xylose isomerase was induced immediately and xylulose kinase was induced after about 30 min. The induction of the two enzymes was sensitive to chloramphenicol, showing de novo synthesis. Xylose uptake in glucose-grown cells was very low, but the uptake rate could be increased when incubated with a xylose-glucose mixture. The increase in the uptake rate was not affected by chloramphenicol, indicating that a constitutive uptake system had to be activated. The inability of B. xylanolyticus X5-1 cells undergoing glucose-limited continuous culture to induce the xylose catabolic pathway after the addition of only xylose probably was caused by energy limitation.

Full text

PDF
576

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ames G. F. Bacterial periplasmic transport systems: structure, mechanism, and evolution. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:397–425. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.002145. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Hsiao H. Y., Chiang L. C., Ueng P. P., Tsao G. T. Sequential utilization of mixed monosaccharides by yeasts. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Apr;43(4):840–845. doi: 10.1128/aem.43.4.840-845.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Lacis L. S., Lawford H. G. Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus Growth and Product Yield from Elevated Levels of Xylose or Glucose in Continuous Cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Feb;57(2):579–585. doi: 10.1128/aem.57.2.579-585.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Matte A., Forsberg C. W., Verrinder Gibbins A. M. Enzymes associated with metabolism of xylose and other pentoses by Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola strains, Selenomonas ruminantium D, and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. Can J Microbiol. 1992 May;38(5):370–376. doi: 10.1139/m92-063. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ounine K., Petitdemange H., Raval G., Gay R. Regulation and butanol inhibition of D-xylose and D-glucose uptake in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Apr;49(4):874–878. doi: 10.1128/aem.49.4.874-878.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Patel G. B., MacKenzie C. R., Agnew B. J. Fermentation of xylose and hemicellulose hydrolysates by an ethanol-adapted culture of Bacteroides polypragmatus. Arch Microbiol. 1986 Oct;146(1):68–73. doi: 10.1007/BF00690161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Russell J. B., Baldwin R. L. Comparison of substrate affinities among several rumen bacteria: a possible determinant of rumen bacterial competition. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Mar;37(3):531–536. doi: 10.1128/aem.37.3.531-536.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Russell J. B., Baldwin R. L. Substrate preferences in rumen bacteria: evidence of catabolite regulatory mechanisms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 Aug;36(2):319–329. doi: 10.1128/aem.36.2.319-329.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Saier M. H., Jr Protein phosphorylation and allosteric control of inducer exclusion and catabolite repression by the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system. Microbiol Rev. 1989 Mar;53(1):109–120. doi: 10.1128/mr.53.1.109-120.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Scholten-Koerselman I., Houwaard F., Janssen P., Zehnder A. J. Bacteroides xylanolyticus sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium from methane producing cattle manure. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1986;52(6):543–554. doi: 10.1007/BF00423415. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Shamanna D. K., Sanderson K. E. Uptake and catabolism of D-xylose in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. J Bacteriol. 1979 Jul;139(1):64–70. doi: 10.1128/jb.139.1.64-70.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Stams A. J., Van Dijk J. B., Dijkema C., Plugge C. M. Growth of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria with fumarate in the absence of methanogenic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Apr;59(4):1114–1119. doi: 10.1128/aem.59.4.1114-1119.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Standing C. N., Fredrickson A. G., Tsuchiya H. M. Batch- and continuous-culture transients for two substrate systems. Appl Microbiol. 1972 Feb;23(2):354–359. doi: 10.1128/am.23.2.354-359.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Strobel H. J. Evidence for catabolite inhibition in regulation of pentose utilization and transport in the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):40–46. doi: 10.1128/aem.59.1.40-46.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Strobel H. J. Pentose utilization and transport by the ruminal bacterium Prevotella ruminicola. Arch Microbiol. 1993;159(5):465–471. doi: 10.1007/BF00288595. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Turner K. W., Roberton A. M. Xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose fermentation by Bacteroides ruminicola. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Jul;38(1):7–12. doi: 10.1128/aem.38.1.7-12.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. WOLIN E. A., WOLIN M. J., WOLFE R. S. FORMATION OF METHANE BY BACTERIAL EXTRACTS. J Biol Chem. 1963 Aug;238:2882–2886. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Williams D. K., Martin S. A. Xylose uptake by the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Jun;56(6):1683–1688. doi: 10.1128/aem.56.6.1683-1688.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Wilson B. L., Mortlock R. P. Regulation of D-xylose and D-arabitol catabolism by Aerobacter aerogenes. J Bacteriol. 1973 Mar;113(3):1404–1411. doi: 10.1128/jb.113.3.1404-1411.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Zehnder A. J., Huser B. A., Brock T. D., Wuhrmann K. Characterization of an acetate-decarboxylating, non-hydrogen-oxidizing methane bacterium. Arch Microbiol. 1980 Jan;124(1):1–11. doi: 10.1007/BF00407022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES