Skip to main content
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1988 Sep;54(9):2320–2321. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.9.2320-2321.1988

Toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus crystal toxin to adult mosquitoes.

J E Stray 1, M J Klowden 1, R E Hurlbert 1
PMCID: PMC202857  PMID: 3190228

Abstract

Adult Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were killed by alkaline-solubilized Bacillus sphaericus toxin when it was introduced by enema into the midgut of the insect but not when it was administered orally. Adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were not affected by the toxin.

Full text

PDF
2320

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baumann P., Baumann L., Bowditch R. D., Broadwell A. H. Cloning of the gene for the larvicidal toxin of Bacillus sphaericus 2362: evidence for a family of related sequences. J Bacteriol. 1987 Sep;169(9):4061–4067. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.9.4061-4067.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baumann P., Unterman B. M., Baumann L., Broadwell A. H., Abbene S. J., Bowditch R. D. Purification of the larvicidal toxin of Bacillus sphaericus and evidence for high-molecular-weight precursors. J Bacteriol. 1985 Aug;163(2):738–747. doi: 10.1128/jb.163.2.738-747.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Berry C., Hindley J. Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362: identification and nucleotide sequence of the 41.9 kDa toxin gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jul 24;15(14):5891–5891. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.14.5891. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Briegel H., Lea A. O. Relationship between protein and proteolytic activity in the midgut of mosquitoes. J Insect Physiol. 1975 Sep;21(9):1597–1604. doi: 10.1016/0022-1910(75)90197-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Broadwell A. H., Baumann P. Proteolysis in the gut of mosquito larvae results in further activation of the Bacillus sphaericus toxin. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jun;53(6):1333–1337. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.6.1333-1337.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Davidson E. W., Bieber A. L., Meyer M., Shellabarger C. Enzymatic activation of the Bacillus sphaericus mosquito larvicidal toxin. J Invertebr Pathol. 1987 Jul;50(1):40–44. doi: 10.1016/0022-2011(87)90143-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Davidson E. W., Sweeney A. W. Microbial control of vectors: a decade of progress. J Med Entomol. 1983 May 26;20(3):235–247. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/20.3.235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ganesan S., Kamdar H., Jayaraman K., Szulmajster J. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a DNA fragment from Bacillus sphaericus coding for biocidal activity against mosquito larvae. Mol Gen Genet. 1983;189(1):181–183. doi: 10.1007/BF00326076. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hindley J., Berry C. Identification, cloning and sequence analysis of the Bacillus sphaericus 1593 41.9 kD larvicidal toxin gene. Mol Microbiol. 1987 Sep;1(2):187–194. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1987.tb00511.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Klowden M. J., Bulla L. A., Jr Oral toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to adult mosquitoes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Sep;48(3):665–667. doi: 10.1128/aem.48.3.665-667.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Klowden M. J., Held G. A., Bulla L. A., Jr Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Aug;46(2):312–315. doi: 10.1128/aem.46.2.312-315.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lane B. C., Hurlbert R. E. Characterization of the cell wall and cell wall proteins of Chromatium vinosum. J Bacteriol. 1980 Mar;141(3):1386–1398. doi: 10.1128/jb.141.3.1386-1398.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Wraight S. P., Molloy D. P., Singer S. Studies on the culicine mosquito host range of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis with notes on the effects of temperature and instar on bacterial efficacy. J Invertebr Pathol. 1987 May;49(3):291–302. doi: 10.1016/0022-2011(87)90061-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Yousten A. A. Bacillus sphaericus: microbiological factors related to its potential as a mosquito larvicide. Adv Biotechnol Processes. 1984;3:315–343. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES