Abstract
In the UK Hodgkin's disease is usually treated by either clinical oncologists or haematologists. A national study of the performance of bone marrow examination in newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease was undertaken to establish current practice. A total of 620 questionnaires were despatched, and replies were received from 60% of consultants (45% of clinical oncologists and 70% of haematologists). Bone marrow examination was performed in all new cases significantly more often by haematologists than by clinical oncologists (74% vs 40%, P < 0.001). Among haematologists, there was no correlation between the number of new patients seen annually and practice, however clinical oncologists were even less likely to perform routine bone marrow biopsies if they saw more than ten patients per year (P < 0.02). Where bone marrow examination was performed selectively, the most common criteria used were peripheral blood cytopenia and advanced-stage disease. These criteria were applied in the same way by both clinical oncologists and haematologists. Bone marrow biopsy, an invasive and often painful procedure, is currently performed more frequently in Hodgkin's disease than can be recommended on the basis of recent studies in the literature and associated guidelines. There is a significant difference in practice between clinical oncologists and haematologists, and this raises the wider issue of the influence of hospital specialisation on patient management.
Full text
PDF


Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bartl R., Frisch B., Burkhardt R., Huhn D., Pappenberger R. Assessment of bone marrow histology in Hodgkin's disease: correlation with clinical factors. Br J Haematol. 1982 Jul;51(3):345–360. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1982.tb02790.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Delic J. I., Bush C., Peckham M. J. Protection from procarbazine-induced damage of spermatogenesis in the rat by androgen. Cancer Res. 1986 Apr;46(4 Pt 2):1909–1914. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drasga R. E., Einhorn L. H., Williams S. D., Patel D. N., Stevens E. E. Fertility after chemotherapy for testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1983 Mar;1(3):179–183. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1983.1.3.179. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fairley K. F., Barrie J. U., Johnson W. Sterility and testicular atrophy related to cyclophosphamide therapy. Lancet. 1972 Mar 11;1(7750):568–569. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90358-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flickinger C. J. Effects of clompihene on the structure of the testis, epididymis and sex accessory glands of the rat. Am J Anat. 1977 Aug;149(4):533–561. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001490408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Glode L. M., Robinson J., Gould S. F. Protection from cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage with an analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Lancet. 1981 May 23;1(8230):1132–1134. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92301-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heller C. G., Rowley M. J., Heller G. V. Clomiphene citrate: a correlation of its effect on sperm concentration and morphology, total gonadotropins, ICSH, estrogen and testosterone excretion, and testicular cytology in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1969 May;29(5):638–649. doi: 10.1210/jcem-29-5-638. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hollinger M. A. Effect of clomiphene on testicular protein synthesis in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol. 1970 Oct;19(10):2701–2705. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(70)90096-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hollinger M. A., Hwang F. Effect of in vivo and in vitro administration of clomiphene on RNA synthesis in rat testis. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1972 Jun;197(2):213–221. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johnson D. H., Linde R., Hainsworth J. D., Vale W., Rivier J., Stein R., Flexner J., Van Welch R., Greco F. A. Effect of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist given during combination chemotherapy on posttherapy fertility in male patients with lymphoma: preliminary observations. Blood. 1985 Apr;65(4):832–836. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jégou B., Velez de la Calle J. F., Bauché F. Protective effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate plus testosterone against radiation-induced damage to the reproductive function of male rats and their offspring. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8710–8714. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.19.8710. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Karashima T., Zalatnai A., Schally A. V. Protective effects of analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone against chemotherapy-induced testicular damage in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(7):2329–2333. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2329. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis R. W., Dowling K. J., Schally A. V. D-Tryptophan-6 analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone as a protective agent against testicular damage caused by cyclophosphamide in baboons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(9):2975–2979. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.9.2975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lister T. A., Crowther D., Sutcliffe S. B., Glatstein E., Canellos G. P., Young R. C., Rosenberg S. A., Coltman C. A., Tubiana M. Report of a committee convened to discuss the evaluation and staging of patients with Hodgkin's disease: Cotswolds meeting. J Clin Oncol. 1989 Nov;7(11):1630–1636. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.11.1630. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Macintyre E. A., Vaughan Hudson B., Linch D. C., Vaughan Hudson G., Jelliffe A. M. The value of staging bone marrow trephine biopsy in Hodgkin's disease. Eur J Haematol. 1987 Jul;39(1):66–70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1987.tb00166.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meistrich M. L., Wilson G., Ye W. S., Kurdoglu B., Parchuri N., Terry N. H. Hormonal protection from procarbazine-induced testicular damage is selective for survival and recovery of stem spermatogonia. Cancer Res. 1994 Feb 15;54(4):1027–1034. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morris I. D., Bardin C. W., Gunsalus G., Ward J. A. Prolonged suppression of spermatogenesis by oestrogen does not preserve the seminiferous epithelium in procarbazine-treated rats. Int J Androl. 1990 Jun;13(3):180–189. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb00975.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morris I. D., Shalet S. M. Protection of gonadal function from cytotoxic chemotherapy and irradiation. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Mar;4(1):97–118. doi: 10.1016/s0950-351x(05)80318-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nseyo U. O., Huben R. P., Klioze S. S., Pontes J. E. Protection of germinal epithelium with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue. J Urol. 1985 Jul;134(1):187–190. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)47054-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Papadopoulos I. LHRH analogues do not protect the germinal epithelium during chemotherapy. An experimental animal investigation. Urol Res. 1991;19(1):31–34. doi: 10.1007/BF00294018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parchuri N., Wilson G., Meistrich M. L. Protection by gonadal steroid hormones against procarbazine-induced damage to spermatogenic function in LBNF1 hybrid rats. J Androl. 1993 Jul-Aug;14(4):257–266. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pennisi A. J., Grushkin C. M., Lieberman E. Gonadal function in children with nephrosis treated with cyclophosphamide. Am J Dis Child. 1975 Mar;129(3):315–318. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120400027006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roeser H. P., Stocks A. E., Smith A. J. Testicular damage due to cytotoxic drugs and recovery after cessation of therapy. Aust N Z J Med. 1978 Jun;8(3):250–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1978.tb04518.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schilsky R. L., Lewis B. J., Sherins R. J., Young R. C. Gonadal dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1980 Jul;93(1):109–114. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-93-1-109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmid C., Isaacson P. G. Bone marrow trephine biopsy in lymphoproliferative disease. J Clin Pathol. 1992 Sep;45(9):745–750. doi: 10.1136/jcp.45.9.745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stark A. N. Staging and follow up of patients with lymphoproliferative disorder. J Clin Pathol. 1993 Mar;46(3):286–286. doi: 10.1136/jcp.46.3.286-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Urba W. J., Longo D. L. Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med. 1992 Mar 5;326(10):678–687. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199203053261006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Velez de la Calle J. F., Jégou B. Protection by steroid contraceptives against procarbazine-induced sterility and genotoxicity in male rats. Cancer Res. 1990 Feb 15;50(4):1308–1315. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ward J. A., Robinson J., Furr B. J., Shalet S. M., Morris I. D. Protection of spermatogenesis in rats from the cytotoxic procarbazine by the depot formulation of Zoladex, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Cancer Res. 1990 Feb 1;50(3):568–574. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Waxman J. Preserving fertility in Hodgkin's disease. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 1987 Mar;1(1):185–190. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3536(87)80050-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weissenberg R., Dar Y., Lunenfeld B. The effect of clomiphene citrate and its Zu or En isomers on the reproductive system of the immature male rat. Andrologia. 1992 May-Jun;24(3):161–165. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1992.tb02631.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whitehead E., Shalet S. M., Blackledge G., Todd I., Crowther D., Beardwell C. G. The effects of Hodgkin's disease and combination chemotherapy on gonadal function in the adult male. Cancer. 1982 Feb 1;49(3):418–422. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19820201)49:3<418::aid-cncr2820490304>3.0.co;2-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- da Cunha M. F., Meistrich M. L., Nader S. Absence of testicular protection by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular cytotoxicity in the mouse. Cancer Res. 1987 Feb 15;47(4):1093–1097. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
