Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1993 Apr;175(7):2017–2025. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.7.2017-2025.1993

Restoration of pathogenicity of avirulent Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. campestris pathovars by reciprocal complementation with the hrpXo and hrpXc genes and identification of HrpX function by sequence analyses.

H V Kamdar 1, S Kamoun 1, C I Kado 1
PMCID: PMC204291  PMID: 8458844

Abstract

The molecular basis of pathogenesis by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has been partly elucidated by the identification of a gene, hrpXo, required for bacterial blight on rice. A mutation in hrpXo results in the loss of pathogenicity on rice and the loss of hypersensitivity on nonhosts such as Datura stramonium and radishes. Pathogenicity and its ability to cause the hypersensitive reaction is restored by complementing the mutant with the heterologous hrpXc gene derived from X. campestris pv. campestris. Conversely, hrpXo complements nonpathogenic mutants of X. campestris pv. campestris and X. campetstris pv, armoraciae. Mutants bearing the heterologous hrpX gene are restored in their abilities to cause diseases typical of their chromosomal background and not the hypersensitive reaction on their respective hosts. The hrpXo and hrpXc genes are therefore functionally equivalent, and this functional equivalence extends into X. campestris pv. armoraciae and possibly into other X. campestris pathovars, since this gene is highly conserved among eight other pathovars tested. Sequence analyses of hrpXo revealed an open reading frame of 1,452 bp with a coding capacity for a protein of 52.3 kDa. The protein contains a consensus domain for possible protein myristoylation whose consequence may result in a loss of recognition by host defense and surveillance systems.

Full text

PDF
2017

Images in this article

2022Image
on p.2022
2023Image
on p.2023

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Chen E. Y., Seeburg P. H. Supercoil sequencing: a fast and simple method for sequencing plasmid DNA. DNA. 1985 Apr;4(2):165–170. doi: 10.1089/dna.1985.4.165. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. DeFeyter R., Kado C. I., Gabriel D. W. Small, stable shuttle vectors for use in Xanthomonas. Gene. 1990 Mar 30;88(1):65–72. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90060-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. "A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity". Addendum. Anal Biochem. 1984 Feb;137(1):266–267. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90381-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fenselau S., Balbo I., Bonas U. Determinants of pathogenicity in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria are related to proteins involved in secretion in bacterial pathogens of animals. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1992 Sep-Oct;5(5):390–396. doi: 10.1094/mpmi-5-390. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gallie D. R., Kado C. I. Agrobacterium tumefaciens pTAR parA promoter region involved in autoregulation, incompatibility and plasmid partitioning. J Mol Biol. 1987 Feb 5;193(3):465–478. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90260-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gallie D. R., Novak S., Kado C. I. Novel high- and low-copy stable cosmids for use in Agrobacterium and Rhizobium. Plasmid. 1985 Sep;14(2):171–175. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(85)90078-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gallie D. R., Zaitlin D., Perry K. L., Kado C. I. Characterization of the replication and stability regions of Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTAR. J Bacteriol. 1984 Mar;157(3):739–745. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.3.739-745.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gordon J. I., Duronio R. J., Rudnick D. A., Adams S. P., Gokel G. W. Protein N-myristoylation. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 15;266(14):8647–8650. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Henikoff S. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene. 1984 Jun;28(3):351–359. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90153-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Heuckeroth R. O., Towler D. A., Adams S. P., Glaser L., Gordon J. I. 11-(Ethylthio)undecanoic acid. A myristic acid analogue of altered hydrophobicity which is functional for peptide N-myristoylation with wheat germ and yeast acyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Feb 15;263(5):2127–2133. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kado C. I., Heskett M. G. Selective media for isolation of Agrobacterium, Corynebacterium, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas. Phytopathology. 1970 Jun;60(6):969–976. doi: 10.1094/phyto-60-969. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kamoun S., Kado C. I. A plant-inducible gene of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris encodes an exocellular component required for growth in the host and hypersensitivity on nonhosts. J Bacteriol. 1990 Sep;172(9):5165–5172. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.9.5165-5172.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Keen N. T. Gene-for-gene complementarity in plant-pathogen interactions. Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:447–463. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.24.120190.002311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Resh M. D., Ling H. P. Identification of a 32K plasma membrane protein that binds to the myristylated amino-terminal sequence of p60v-src. Nature. 1990 Jul 5;346(6279):84–86. doi: 10.1038/346084a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Schultz A. M., Henderson L. E., Oroszlan S., Garber E. A., Hanafusa H. Amino terminal myristylation of the protein kinase p60src, a retroviral transforming protein. Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):427–429. doi: 10.1126/science.3917576. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Tait R. C., Rempel H., Rodriguez R. L., Kado C. I. The aminoglycoside-resistance operon of the plasmid pSa: nucleotide sequence of the streptomycin-spectinomycin resistance gene. Gene. 1985;36(1-2):97–104. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90073-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Towler D. A., Gordon J. I., Adams S. P., Glaser L. The biology and enzymology of eukaryotic protein acylation. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:69–99. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.000441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Yanisch-Perron C., Vieira J., Messing J. Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene. 1985;33(1):103–119. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90120-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES