Abstract
The production of enniatins by Fusarium scirpi during fermentative growth in submerged cultures was measured. The fungus produced the antibiotic during mycelial growth, but not during the stationary phase of cultivation. By contrast, enniatin synthetase, the enzyme responsible for enniatin synthesis, was present during growth, during the stationary phase, and even in spores. Similarly, the enniatin synthetase mRNA was present at every stage of the cultivation of the fungus. Therefore, this multifunctional peptide synthetase is a constitutive enzyme, the expression of which is not regulated by any specific mechanism. The findings stand in contrast to the common assumption that production of secondary metabolites underlies regulatory control, leading to separation of the trophophase and the idiophase.
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Audhya T. K., Russel D. W. Production of enniatin A. Can J Microbiol. 1973 Aug;19(8):1051–1054. doi: 10.1139/m73-166. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Audhya T. K., Russell D. W. Enniatin production by Fusarium sambucinum: primary, secondary, and unitary metabolism. J Gen Microbiol. 1975 Feb;86(2):327–332. doi: 10.1099/00221287-86-2-327. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Billich A., Zocher R., Kleinkauf H., Braun D. G., Lavanchy D., Hochkeppel H. K. Monoclonal antibodies to the multienzyme enniatin synthetase. Production and use in structural studies. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1987 May;368(5):521–529. doi: 10.1515/bchm3.1987.368.1.521. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flurkey W. H., Kolattukudy P. E. In vitro translation of cutinase mRNA: evidence for a precursor form of an extracellular fungal enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1981 Nov;212(1):154–161. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90354-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LACEY M. S. The antibiotic properties of 52 strains of Fusarium. J Gen Microbiol. 1950 May;4(2):122–131. doi: 10.1099/00221287-4-2-122. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liras P., Villanueva J. R., Martín J. F. Sequential expression of macromolecule biosynthesis and candicidin formation in Streptomyces griseus. J Gen Microbiol. 1977 Oct;102(2):269–277. doi: 10.1099/00221287-102-2-269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pruess D. L., Johnson M. J. Penicillin acyltransferase in Penicillium chrysogenum. J Bacteriol. 1967 Nov;94(5):1502–1508. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.5.1502-1508.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zocher R., Keller U., Kleinkauf H. Enniatin synthetase, a novel type of multifunctional enzyme catalyzing depsipeptide synthesis in Fusarium oxysporum. Biochemistry. 1982 Jan 5;21(1):43–48. doi: 10.1021/bi00530a008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zocher R., Keller U., Kleinkauf H. Mechanism of depsipeptide formation catalyzed by enniatin synthetase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Jan 14;110(1):292–299. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91294-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zocher R., Kleinkauf H. Biosynthesis of enniatin B: partial purification and characterization of the synthesizing enzyme and studies of the biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Apr 28;81(4):1162–1167. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91258-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zocher R., Salnikow J., Kleinkauf H. Biosynthesis of enniatin B. FEBS Lett. 1976 Nov 15;72(1):13–17. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80887-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]