Skip to main content
British Journal of Pharmacology logoLink to British Journal of Pharmacology
. 1982 Oct;77(2):239–244. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1982.tb09291.x

Peripheral toxicity of hemicholinium-3 in mice.

J J Freeman, J W Kosh, J S Parrish
PMCID: PMC2044599  PMID: 7139185

Abstract

1 The site (i.e. peripheral or central) of the toxicity produced by hemicholinium-3 in mice was investigated. 2 Hemicholinium-3 was measured fluorometrically and acetylcholine was determined by gas chromatography after intraventricular or intraperitoneal administration of hemicholinium-3. 3 Hemicholinium-3 was not detected in the brain nor were acetylcholine levels decreased in the brain after systemic administration. 4 The dose-response curve following intraventricular administration demonstrated that hemicholinium-3 was not as lethal after central administration as it was after peripheral administration. 5 Approximately 24% of a 75 microgram intraventricular dose of hemicholinium-3 was found in the periphery at death. 6 These results suggest that hemicholinium-3 manifests its toxicity primarily in the periphery.

Full text

PDF
239

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BIRKS R. I., MACINTOSH F. C., SASTRY P. B. Pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis. Nature. 1956 Nov 24;178(4543):1181–1181. doi: 10.1038/1781181a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Clement J. G. Effect of ethanol, pentobarbital and morphine on the toxicity of hemicholinium-3 and d-tubocurarine in mice. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1978 Nov;236(1):60–65. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. DOMER F. R., SCHUELER F. W. Synthesis and metabolic studies of C14-labeled hemicholinium Number three. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc. 1960 Aug;49:553–556. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. De Balbian Verster F., Robinson C. A., Hengeveld C. A., Bush E. S. Freehand cerebroventricular injection technique for unanesthetized rats. Life Sci I. 1971 Dec 15;10(24):1395–1402. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(71)90268-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Domino E. F., Cassano G. B., Placidi G. F. Autoradiographic distribution of 14C-hemicholinium-3 in mouse whole body and dog brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1974 Jan;188(1):77–85. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dren A. T., Domino E. F. Effects of hemicholinium (HC-3) on EEG activation and brain acetylcholine in the dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1968 May;161(1):141–154. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. ELMQVIST D., QUASTEL D. M. PRESYNAPTIC ACTION OF HEMICHOLINIUM AT THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. J Physiol. 1965 Apr;177:463–482. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007605. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Freeman J. J., Choi R. L., Jenden D. J. The effect of hemicholinium on behavior and on brain acetylcholine and choline in the rat. Psychopharmacol Commun. 1975;1(1):15–27. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Freeman J. J., Macri J. R., Choi R. L., Jenden D. J. Studies on the behavioral and biochemical effects of hemicholinium in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1979 Jul;210(1):91–97. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. GARDINER J. E. The inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis in brain by a hemicholinium. Biochem J. 1961 Nov;81:297–303. doi: 10.1042/bj0810297. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. GIARMAN N. J., PEPEU G. Drug-induced changes in brain acetylcholine. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1962 Oct;19:226–234. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1962.tb01184.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Guyenet P., Lefresne P., Rossier J., Beaujouan J. C., Glowinski J. Effect of sodium, hemicholinium-3 and antiparkinson drugs on (14C)acetylcholine synthesis and (3H)choline uptake in rat striatal synaptosomes. Brain Res. 1973 Nov 23;62(2):523–529. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90717-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. HALEY T. J., MCCORMICK W. G. Pharmacological effects produced by intracerebral injection of drugs in the conscious mouse. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1957 Mar;12(1):12–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1957.tb01354.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hemsworth B. A. The effect of a hemicholinium analogue, HC-15, of neuromuscular transmission. Eur J Pharmacol. 1971 Jun;15(1):91–100. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(71)90083-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Jope R. S., Jenden D. J. Dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) metabolism in rat brain and its effect on acetylcholine synthesis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1979 Dec;211(3):472–479. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. KASE Y., BORISON H. L. Central respitory depressant action of hemicholinium in the cat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1958 Feb;122(2):215–233. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kosh J. W., Smith M. B., Sowell J. W., Freeman J. J. Improvements in the gas chromatographic analysis of acetylcholine and choline. J Chromatogr. 1979 Jun 11;163(2):206–211. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81465-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. LONGO V. G. Action of hemicholinium No. 3 on phrenic nerve action potentials. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1959 Mar 1;119(1-2):1–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. METZ B. Correlation between respiratory reflex and acetylcholine content of pons and medulla. Am J Physiol. 1962 Jan;202:80–82. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1962.202.1.80. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Madden J., Mitchelson F. The interaction of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) with cholinomimetics and atropine. Eur J Pharmacol. 1975 May;32(1):17–29. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(75)90318-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Marshall I. G. The effects of some hemicholinium-like substances on the chick biventer cervicis muscle preparation. Eur J Pharmacol. 1969 Nov;8(2):204–214. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(69)90078-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Quastel D. M., Curtis D. R. A central action of hemicholinium. Nature. 1965 Oct 9;208(5006):192–194. doi: 10.1038/208192a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. SCHUELER F. W. A new group of respiratory paralyzants. I. The "hemicholiniums". J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1955 Oct;115(2):127–143. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. SCHUELER F. W., LONGO V. G., BOVET D. Un nuovo gruppo di paralizzanti centrali. Arch Ital Sci Farmacol. 1954 Jul;4(3):328–331. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Shaw G. G. Some shortcomings of direct intraventricular injection in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 1974 Apr;50(4):603–605. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb08596.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Squire L. R., Glick S. D., Goldfarb J. Relearning at different times after training as affected by centrally and peripherally acting cholinergic drugs in the mouse. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1971 Jan;74(1):41–45. doi: 10.1037/h0030325. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Yamamura H. I., Snyder S. H. High affinity transport of choline into synaptosomes of rat brain. J Neurochem. 1973 Dec;21(6):1355–1374. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb06022.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Pharmacology are provided here courtesy of The British Pharmacological Society

RESOURCES