Abstract
Acholeplasma species have been reported to lack a functional phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). We show here that Acholeplasma laidlawii possesses activities of enzyme I, HPr, HPr(ser) kinase, and HPr(ser-P) phosphatase but lacks detectable activities of enzymes II of the PTS. HPr from this organism was purified, and the regulatory properties of the kinase and phosphatase were characterized and shown to differ from those of previously studied bacteria. The results suggest the presence of an incomplete PTS in A. laidlawii which has the potential to function in a unique regulatory capacity.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Amster-Choder O., Wright A. Transcriptional regulation of the bgl operon of Escherichia coli involves phosphotransferase system-mediated phosphorylation of a transcriptional antiterminator. J Cell Biochem. 1993 Jan;51(1):83–90. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240510115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1006/abio.1976.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cirillo V. P., Razin S. Distribution of a phosphoenolypyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system in mycoplasms. J Bacteriol. 1973 Jan;113(1):212–217. doi: 10.1128/jb.113.1.212-217.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Deutscher J., Kessler U., Hengstenberg W. Streptococcal phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system: purification and characterization of a phosphoprotein phosphatase which hydrolyzes the phosphoryl bond in seryl-phosphorylated histidine-containing protein. J Bacteriol. 1985 Sep;163(3):1203–1209. doi: 10.1128/jb.163.3.1203-1209.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eisermann R., Deutscher J., Gonzy-Treboul G., Hengstenberg W. Site-directed mutagenesis with the ptsH gene of Bacillus subtilis. Isolation and characterization of heat-stable proteins altered at the ATP-dependent regulatory phosphorylation site. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 15;263(32):17050–17054. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hengstenberg W., Penberthy W. K., Hill K. L., Morse M. L. Phosphotransferase system of Staphylococcus aureus: its requirement for the accumulation and metabolism of galactosides. J Bacteriol. 1969 Aug;99(2):383–388. doi: 10.1128/jb.99.2.383-388.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kundig W., Roseman S. Sugar transport. II. Characterization of constitutive membrane-bound enzymes II of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system. J Biol Chem. 1971 Mar 10;246(5):1407–1418. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meadow N. D., Fox D. K., Roseman S. The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: glycose phosphotransferase system. Annu Rev Biochem. 1990;59:497–542. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.59.070190.002433. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reizer J., Novotny M. J., Hengstenberg W., Saier M. H., Jr Properties of ATP-dependent protein kinase from Streptococcus pyogenes that phosphorylates a seryl residue in HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphotransferase system. J Bacteriol. 1984 Oct;160(1):333–340. doi: 10.1128/jb.160.1.333-340.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reizer J., Peterkofsky A., Romano A. H. Evidence for the presence of heat-stable protein (HPr) and ATP-dependent HPr kinase in heterofermentative lactobacilli lacking phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(7):2041–2045. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2041. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reizer J. Regulation of sugar uptake and efflux in gram-positive bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1989 Jun;5(1-2):149–156. doi: 10.1016/0168-6445(89)90019-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reizer J., Romano A. H., Deutscher J. The role of phosphorylation of HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphotransferase system, in the regulation of carbon metabolism in gram-positive bacteria. J Cell Biochem. 1993 Jan;51(1):19–24. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240510105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reizer J., Saier M. H., Jr, Deutscher J., Grenier F., Thompson J., Hengstenberg W. The phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in gram-positive bacteria: properties, mechanism, and regulation. Crit Rev Microbiol. 1988;15(4):297–338. doi: 10.3109/10408418809104461. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reizer J., Sutrina S. L., Saier M. H., Stewart G. C., Peterkofsky A., Reddy P. Mechanistic and physiological consequences of HPr(ser) phosphorylation on the activities of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in gram-positive bacteria: studies with site-specific mutants of HPr. EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):2111–2120. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03620.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reizer J., Sutrina S. L., Wu L. F., Deutscher J., Reddy P., Saier M. H., Jr Functional interactions between proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase systems of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):9158–9169. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Romano A. H., Brino G., Peterkofsky A., Reizer J. Regulation of beta-galactoside transport and accumulation in heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1987 Dec;169(12):5589–5596. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.12.5589-5596.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saier M. H., Jr, Cox D. F., Moczydlowski E. G. Sugar phosphate:sugar transphosphorylation coupled to exchange group translocation catalyzed by the enzyme II complexes of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1977 Dec 25;252(24):8908–8916. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saier M. H., Jr, Feucht B. U., Mora W. K. Sugar phosphate: sugar transphosphorylation and exchange group translocation catalyzed by the enzyme 11 complexes of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system. J Biol Chem. 1977 Dec 25;252(24):8899–8907. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saier M. H., Jr Introduction: protein phosphorylation and signal transduction in bacteria. J Cell Biochem. 1993 Jan;51(1):1–6. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240510102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saier M. H., Jr Regulatory interactions involving the proteins of the phosphotransferase system in enteric bacteria. J Cell Biochem. 1993 Jan;51(1):62–68. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240510112. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saier M. H., Jr, Reizer J. Proposed uniform nomenclature for the proteins and protein domains of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system. J Bacteriol. 1992 Mar;174(5):1433–1438. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.5.1433-1438.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stewart G. C. Catabolite repression in the gram-positive bacteria: generation of negative regulators of transcription. J Cell Biochem. 1993 Jan;51(1):25–28. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240510106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]