Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1991 Jan;173(2):842–850. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.2.842-850.1991

Telomeric and dispersed repeat sequences in Candida yeasts and their use in strain identification.

C Sadhu 1, M J McEachern 1, E P Rustchenko-Bulgac 1, J Schmid 1, D R Soll 1, J B Hicks 1
PMCID: PMC207079  PMID: 1987167

Abstract

Several different repetitive DNA sequences have been isolated from the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. These include two families of large dispersed repeat sequences (Ca3, Ca24) and a short (23-bp) tandemly repeated element (Ca7) associated with C. albicans telomeres. In addition, a large subtelomeric repeat (WOL17) has been cloned. DNA fragments containing the telomeric repeats are highly variable among different C. albicans strains. We have shown that the Ca3 repeat is relatively more stable and is suitable for use as a species-specific and strain-specific probe for C. albicans.

Full text

PDF
842

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Chan C. S., Tye B. K. A family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae repetitive autonomously replicating sequences that have very similar genomic environments. J Mol Biol. 1983 Aug 15;168(3):505–523. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80299-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chan C. S., Tye B. K. Organization of DNA sequences and replication origins at yeast telomeres. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):563–573. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90437-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chandler F. W. Pathology of the mycoses in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Curr Top Med Mycol. 1985;1:1–23. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. De Lange T., Borst P. Genomic environment of the expression-linked extra copies of genes for surface antigens of Trypanosoma brucei resembles the end of a chromosome. Nature. 1982 Sep 30;299(5882):451–453. doi: 10.1038/299451a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. DeGregorio M. W., Lee W. M., Linker C. A., Jacobs R. A., Ries C. A. Fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia. Am J Med. 1982 Oct;73(4):543–548. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(82)90334-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gusella J. F., Keys C., VarsanyiBreiner A., Kao F. T., Jones C., Puck T. T., Housman D. Isolation and localization of DNA segments from specific human chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 May;77(5):2829–2833. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2829. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hopfer R. L., Fainstein V., Luna M. P., Bodey G. P. Disseminated candidiasis caused by four different Candida species. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1981 Sep;105(9):454–455. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Horowitz H., Haber J. E. Subtelomeric regions of yeast chromosomes contain a 36 base-pair tandemly repeated sequence. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):7105–7121. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.18.7105. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jäger D., Philippsen P. Many yeast chromosomes lack the telomere-specific Y' sequence. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Dec;9(12):5754–5757. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.12.5754. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Keil R. L., Roeder G. S. Cis-acting, recombination-stimulating activity in a fragment of the ribosomal DNA of S. cerevisiae. Cell. 1984 Dec;39(2 Pt 1):377–386. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90016-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kwon-Chung K. J., Riggsby W. S., Uphoff R. A., Hicks J. B., Whelan W. L., Reiss E., Magee B. B., Wickes B. L. Genetic differences between type I and type II Candida stellatoidea. Infect Immun. 1989 Feb;57(2):527–532. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.2.527-532.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Land G. A., Harrison B. A., Hulme K. L., Cooper B. H., Byrd J. C. Evaluation of the new API 20C strip for yeast identification against a conventional method. J Clin Microbiol. 1979 Sep;10(3):357–364. doi: 10.1128/jcm.10.3.357-364.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lasker B. A., Carle G. F., Kobayashi G. S., Medoff G. Comparison of the separation of Candida albicans chromosome-sized DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis techniques. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 May 25;17(10):3783–3793. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.10.3783. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lauer G. D., Roberts T. M., Klotz L. C. Determination of the nuclear DNA content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and implications for the organization of DNA in yeast chromosomes. J Mol Biol. 1977 Aug 25;114(4):507–526. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90175-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lustig A. J., Petes T. D. Identification of yeast mutants with altered telomere structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(5):1398–1402. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.5.1398. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Magee B. B., D'Souza T. M., Magee P. T. Strain and species identification by restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the ribosomal DNA repeat of Candida species. J Bacteriol. 1987 Apr;169(4):1639–1643. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.4.1639-1643.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Magee B. B., Koltin Y., Gorman J. A., Magee P. T. Assignment of cloned genes to the seven electrophoretically separated Candida albicans chromosomes. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;8(11):4721–4726. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.11.4721. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Magee B. B., Magee P. T. Electrophoretic karyotypes and chromosome numbers in Candida species. J Gen Microbiol. 1987 Feb;133(2):425–430. doi: 10.1099/00221287-133-2-425. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. McCreight M. C., Warnock D. W., Martin M. V. Resistogram typing of Candida albicans isolates from oral and cutaneous sites in irradiated patients. Sabouraudia. 1985 Dec;23(6):403–406. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Morin G. B., Cech T. R. Mitochondrial telomeres: surprising diversity of repeated telomeric DNA sequences among six species of Tetrahymena. Cell. 1988 Feb 12;52(3):367–374. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(88)80029-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Myerowitz R. L., Pazin G. J., Allen C. M. Disseminated candidiasis. Changes in incidence, underlying diseases, and pathology. Am J Clin Pathol. 1977 Jul;68(1):29–38. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/68.1.29. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Odds F. C., Abbott A. B. A simple system for the presumptive identification of Candida albicans and differentiation of strains within the species. Sabouraudia. 1980 Dec;18(4):301–317. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Odds F. C. Candida infections: an overview. Crit Rev Microbiol. 1987;15(1):1–5. doi: 10.3109/10408418709104444. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Odds F. C. Genital candidosis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1982 Jul;7(4):345–354. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1982.tb02441.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Parker J. C., Jr, McCloskey J. J., Knauer K. A. Pathobiologic features of human candidiasis. A common deep mycosis of the brain, heart and kidney in the altered host. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976 Jun;65(6):991–1000. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/65.6.991. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Polonelli L., Archibusacci C., Sestito M., Morace G. Killer system: a simple method for differentiating Candida albicans strains. J Clin Microbiol. 1983 May;17(5):774–780. doi: 10.1128/jcm.17.5.774-780.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Rikkerink E. H., Magee B. B., Magee P. T. Opaque-white phenotype transition: a programmed morphological transition in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 1988 Feb;170(2):895–899. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.2.895-899.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rustchenko-Bulgac E. P., Sherman F., Hicks J. B. Chromosomal rearrangements associated with morphological mutants provide a means for genetic variation of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 1990 Mar;172(3):1276–1283. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.3.1276-1283.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Scherer S., Stevens D. A. A Candida albicans dispersed, repeated gene family and its epidemiologic applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1452–1456. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1452. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Slutsky B., Buffo J., Soll D. R. High-frequency switching of colony morphology in Candida albicans. Science. 1985 Nov 8;230(4726):666–669. doi: 10.1126/science.3901258. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Slutsky B., Staebell M., Anderson J., Risen L., Pfaller M., Soll D. R. "White-opaque transition": a second high-frequency switching system in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 1987 Jan;169(1):189–197. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.1.189-197.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Soll D. R., Bedell G., Thiel J., Brummel M. The dependency of nuclear division on volume in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. Exp Cell Res. 1981 May;133(1):55–62. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(81)90356-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Soll D. R., Langtimm C. J., McDowell J., Hicks J., Galask R. High-frequency switching in Candida strains isolated from vaginitis patients. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Sep;25(9):1611–1622. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.9.1611-1622.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Soll D. R., Staebell M., Langtimm C., Pfaller M., Hicks J., Rao T. V. Multiple Candida strains in the course of a single systemic infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Aug;26(8):1448–1459. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.8.1448-1459.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Suzuki T., Kobayashi I., Kanbe T., Tanaka K. High frequency variation of colony morphology and chromosome reorganization in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol. 1989 Feb;135(Pt 2):425–434. doi: 10.1099/00221287-135-2-425. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Whelan W. L., Partridge R. M., Magee P. T. Heterozygosity and segregation in Candida albicans. Mol Gen Genet. 1980;180(1):107–113. doi: 10.1007/BF00267358. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Whelan W. L., Soll D. R. Mitotic recombination in Candida albicans: recessive lethal alleles linked to a gene required for methionine biosynthesis. Mol Gen Genet. 1982;187(3):477–485. doi: 10.1007/BF00332632. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Whelan W. L. The genetics of medically important fungi. Crit Rev Microbiol. 1987;14(2):99–170. doi: 10.3109/10408418709104437. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Wills J. W., Lasker B. A., Sirotkin K., Riggsby W. S. Repetitive DNA of Candida albicans: nuclear and mitochondrial components. J Bacteriol. 1984 Mar;157(3):918–924. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.3.918-924.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Zakian V. A., Blanton H. M. Distribution of telomere-associated sequences on natural chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 May;8(5):2257–2260. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.5.2257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Zakian V. A. Structure and function of telomeres. Annu Rev Genet. 1989;23:579–604. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.23.120189.003051. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES