Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1990 Feb;172(2):1142–1144. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.2.1142-1144.1990

VirA, a coregulator of Ti-specified virulence genes, is phosphorylated in vitro.

Y Huang 1, P Morel 1, B Powell 1, C I Kado 1
PMCID: PMC208549  PMID: 2298696

Abstract

High-level expression of a chimeric virA gene was obtained by replacing the first 524 codons of virA with the first half of trpE. The encoded fusion protein was isolated and found to exhibit autokinase activity. Therefore, a kinase domain is in the C-terminal portion of VirA, and protein phosphorylation may be an important feature of VirA function.

Full text

PDF
1142

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bolton G. W., Nester E. W., Gordon M. P. Plant phenolic compounds induce expression of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens loci needed for virulence. Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):983–985. doi: 10.1126/science.3085219. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Dieckmann C. L., Tzagoloff A. Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. CBP6, a yeast nuclear gene necessary for synthesis of cytochrome b. J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 10;260(3):1513–1520. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Forst S., Delgado J., Inouye M. Phosphorylation of OmpR by the osmosensor EnvZ modulates expression of the ompF and ompC genes in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(16):6052–6056. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.16.6052. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hess J. F., Bourret R. B., Simon M. I. Histidine phosphorylation and phosphoryl group transfer in bacterial chemotaxis. Nature. 1988 Nov 10;336(6195):139–143. doi: 10.1038/336139a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Igo M. M., Silhavy T. J. EnvZ, a transmembrane environmental sensor of Escherichia coli K-12, is phosphorylated in vitro. J Bacteriol. 1988 Dec;170(12):5971–5973. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.12.5971-5973.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Keener J., Kustu S. Protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase activities of nitrogen regulatory proteins NTRB and NTRC of enteric bacteria: roles of the conserved amino-terminal domain of NTRC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(14):4976–4980. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.14.4976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Klee H. J., White F. F., Iyer V. N., Gordon M. P., Nester E. W. Mutational analysis of the virulence region of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid. J Bacteriol. 1983 Feb;153(2):878–883. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.2.878-883.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kofoid E. C., Parkinson J. S. Transmitter and receiver modules in bacterial signaling proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(14):4981–4985. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.14.4981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Leroux B., Yanofsky M. F., Winans S. C., Ward J. E., Ziegler S. F., Nester E. W. Characterization of the virA locus of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: a transcriptional regulator and host range determinant. EMBO J. 1987 Apr;6(4):849–856. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04830.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lundquist R. C., Close T. J., Kado C. I. Genetic complementation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid mutants in the virulence region. Mol Gen Genet. 1984;193(1):1–7. doi: 10.1007/BF00327406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Morel P., Powell B. S., Rogowsky P. M., Kado C. I. Characterization of the virA virulence gene of the nopaline plasmid, pTiC58, of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Mol Microbiol. 1989 Sep;3(9):1237–1246. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00274.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ninfa A. J., Magasanik B. Covalent modification of the glnG product, NRI, by the glnL product, NRII, regulates the transcription of the glnALG operon in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(16):5909–5913. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.16.5909. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ninfa A. J., Ninfa E. G., Lupas A. N., Stock A., Magasanik B., Stock J. Crosstalk between bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction proteins and regulators of transcription of the Ntr regulon: evidence that nitrogen assimilation and chemotaxis are controlled by a common phosphotransfer mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(15):5492–5496. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5492. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nixon B. T., Ronson C. W., Ausubel F. M. Two-component regulatory systems responsive to environmental stimuli share strongly conserved domains with the nitrogen assimilation regulatory genes ntrB and ntrC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(20):7850–7854. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.20.7850. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Powell B. S., Powell G. K., Morris R. O., Rogowsky P. M., Kado C. I. Nucleotide sequence of the virG locus of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTiC58. Mol Microbiol. 1987 Nov;1(3):309–316. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1987.tb01937.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Powell B. S., Rogowsky P. M., Kado C. I. virG of Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTiC58 encodes a DNA-binding protein. Mol Microbiol. 1989 Mar;3(3):411–419. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00186.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rogowsky P. M., Close T. J., Chimera J. A., Shaw J. J., Kado C. I. Regulation of the vir genes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTiC58. J Bacteriol. 1987 Nov;169(11):5101–5112. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.11.5101-5112.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Stachel S. E., Nester E. W., Zambryski P. C. A plant cell factor induces Agrobacterium tumefaciens vir gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jan;83(2):379–383. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.2.379. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Wierenga R. K., Hol W. G. Predicted nucleotide-binding properties of p21 protein and its cancer-associated variant. Nature. 1983 Apr 28;302(5911):842–844. doi: 10.1038/302842a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Winans S. C., Kerstetter R. A., Ward J. E., Nester E. W. A protein required for transcriptional regulation of Agrobacterium virulence genes spans the cytoplasmic membrane. J Bacteriol. 1989 Mar;171(3):1616–1622. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.3.1616-1622.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Yanofsky M. F., Porter S. G., Young C., Albright L. M., Gordon M. P., Nester E. W. The virD operon of Agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes a site-specific endonuclease. Cell. 1986 Nov 7;47(3):471–477. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90604-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES