Abstract
A-factor, 2-(6'-methylheptanoyl)-3R-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide, is an autoregulator essential for streptomycin production and sporulation in Streptomyces griseus. S. griseus 2247 that requires no A-factor for streptomycin production or sporulation was found to have a defect in the A-factor-binding protein. This observation implied that the A-factor-binding protein in the absence of A-factor repressed the expression of both phenotypes in the wild-type strain. Screening among mutagenized S. griseus colonies for strains producing streptomycin and sporulating in the absence of A-factor yielded three mutants that were also deficient in the A-factor-binding protein. Reversal of the defect in the A-factor-binding protein of these mutants led to the simultaneous loss of streptomycin production and sporulation. These data suggested that the A-factor-binding protein played a role in repressing both streptomycin production and sporulation and that the binding of A-factor to the protein released its repression. Mutants deficient in the A-factor-binding protein began to produce streptomycin and sporulate at an earlier stage of growth than did the wild-type strain. These mutants produced approximately 10 times more streptomycin than did the parental strain. These findings are consistent with the idea that the intracellular concentration of A-factor determines the timing of derepression of the gene(s) whose expression is repressed by the A-factor-binding protein.
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Distler J., Ebert A., Mansouri K., Pissowotzki K., Stockmann M., Piepersberg W. Gene cluster for streptomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus: nucleotide sequence of three genes and analysis of transcriptional activity. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Oct 12;15(19):8041–8056. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.19.8041. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gräfe U., Schade W., Eritt I., Fleck W. F., Radics L. A new inducer of anthracycline biosynthesis from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1982 Dec;35(12):1722–1723. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.35.1722. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hara O., Beppu T. Induction of streptomycin-inactivating enzyme by A-factor in Streptomyces griseus. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1982 Sep;35(9):1208–1215. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.35.1208. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hara O., Beppu T. Mutants blocked in streptomycin production in Streptomyces griseus - the role of A-factor. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1982 Mar;35(3):349–358. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.35.349. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hara O., Horinouchi S., Uozumi T., Beppu T. Genetic analysis of A-factor synthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces griseus. J Gen Microbiol. 1983 Sep;129(9):2939–2944. doi: 10.1099/00221287-129-9-2939. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horinouchi S., Kumada Y., Beppu T. Unstable genetic determinant of A-factor biosynthesis in streptomycin-producing organisms: cloning and characterization. J Bacteriol. 1984 May;158(2):481–487. doi: 10.1128/jb.158.2.481-487.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horinouchi S., Suzuki H., Nishiyama M., Beppu T. Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the Streptomyces griseus gene (afsA) responsible for A-factor biosynthesis. J Bacteriol. 1989 Feb;171(2):1206–1210. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.2.1206-1210.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ITO Y., NAMBA M., NAGAHAMA N., YAMAGUCHI T., OKUDA T. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE BASIC WATER-SOLUBLE ANTIBIOTICS. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1964 Sep;17:218–219. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Khokhlov A. S., Anisova L. N., Tovarova I. I., Kleiner E. M., Kovalenko I. V., Krasilnikova O. I., Kornitskaya E. Y., Pliner S. A. Effect of A-factor on the growth of asporogenous mutants of Streptomyces griseus, not producing this factor. Z Allg Mikrobiol. 1973;13(8):647–655. doi: 10.1002/jobm.3630130803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Khokhlov A. S., Tovarova I. I., Borisova L. N., Pliner S. A., Shevchenko L. N., Kornitskaia E. Ia, Ivkina N. S., Rapoport I. A. A-faktor, obespechivaiushchii biosintez streptomitsina mutantnym shtammom Actinomyces streptomycini. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR. 1967 Nov-Dec;177(1):232–235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kim H. S., Nihira T., Tada H., Yanagimoto M., Yamada Y. Identification of binding protein of virginiae butanolide C, an autoregulator in virginiamycin production, from Streptomyces virginiae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1989 May;42(5):769–778. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.42.769. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miyake K., Horinouchi S., Yoshida M., Chiba N., Mori K., Nogawa N., Morikawa N., Beppu T. Detection and properties of A-factor-binding protein from Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol. 1989 Aug;171(8):4298–4302. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.8.4298-4302.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thompson C. J., Ward J. M., Hopwood D. A. DNA cloning in Streptomyces: resistance genes from antibiotic-producing species. Nature. 1980 Jul 31;286(5772):525–527. doi: 10.1038/286525a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yamada Y., Sugamura K., Kondo K., Yanagimoto M., Okada H. The structure of inducing factors for virginiamycin production in Streptomyces virginiae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1987 Apr;40(4):496–504. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.40.496. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zaret K. S., Yamamoto K. R. Reversible and persistent changes in chromatin structure accompany activation of a glucocorticoid-dependent enhancer element. Cell. 1984 Aug;38(1):29–38. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90523-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]