Abstract
The start point of spoIIA transcription was defined by primer extension analysis with two separate primers. It was 27 bases upstream from the putative translation initiation codon of the first open reading frame in the spoIIA locus. A region extending at least 52 bases upstream from the transcription start site was necessary for transcription, as determined with integrative plasmids. Transcription of spoIIA was dependent on the spoOA, spoOB, and spoOF loci, but this dependency was partly overcome by increasing the number of copies of the spoIIA promoter region. Transcription of spoIIA was absolutely dependent on the spoOH locus, which codes for the RNA polymerase sigma factor sigma H. Regions approximately -35 and -10 upstream from the spoIIA transcription start site showed sequence homology with Bacillus subtilis sigma H promoters.
Full text
PDF






Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Carle G. F., Olson M. V. Separation of chromosomal DNA molecules from yeast by orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 25;12(14):5647–5664. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.14.5647. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carter H. L., 3rd, Moran C. P., Jr New RNA polymerase sigma factor under spo0 control in Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9438–9442. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9438. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chu G., Vollrath D., Davis R. W. Separation of large DNA molecules by contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields. Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1582–1585. doi: 10.1126/science.3538420. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dubnau E. J., Cabane K., Smith I. Regulation of spo0H, an early sporulation gene in bacilli. J Bacteriol. 1987 Mar;169(3):1182–1191. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.3.1182-1191.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Errington J., Mandelstam J. Use of a lacZ gene fusion to determine the dependence pattern of sporulation operon spoIIA in spo mutants of Bacillus subtilis. J Gen Microbiol. 1986 Nov;132(11):2967–2976. doi: 10.1099/00221287-132-11-2967. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. "A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity". Addendum. Anal Biochem. 1984 Feb;137(1):266–267. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90381-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ferrari E., Henner D. J., Perego M., Hoch J. A. Transcription of Bacillus subtilis subtilisin and expression of subtilisin in sporulation mutants. J Bacteriol. 1988 Jan;170(1):289–295. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.1.289-295.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ferrari F. A., Nguyen A., Lang D., Hoch J. A. Construction and properties of an integrable plasmid for Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jun;154(3):1513–1515. doi: 10.1128/jb.154.3.1513-1515.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fort P., Errington J. Nucleotide sequence and complementation analysis of a polycistronic sporulation operon, spoVA, in Bacillus subtilis. J Gen Microbiol. 1985 May;131(5):1091–1105. doi: 10.1099/00221287-131-5-1091. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fort P., Piggot P. J. Nucleotide sequence of sporulation locus spoIIA in Bacillus subtilis. J Gen Microbiol. 1984 Aug;130(8):2147–2153. doi: 10.1099/00221287-130-8-2147. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guerry P., LeBlanc D. J., Falkow S. General method for the isolation of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. J Bacteriol. 1973 Nov;116(2):1064–1066. doi: 10.1128/jb.116.2.1064-1066.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guzmán P., Westpheling J., Youngman P. Characterization of the promoter region of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIE operon. J Bacteriol. 1988 Apr;170(4):1598–1609. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.4.1598-1609.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hanahan D. Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 5;166(4):557–580. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80284-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Helmann J. D., Chamberlin M. J. Structure and function of bacterial sigma factors. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:839–872. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.004203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inoue T., Cech T. R. Secondary structure of the circular form of the Tetrahymena rRNA intervening sequence: a technique for RNA structure analysis using chemical probes and reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(3):648–652. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.3.648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ionesco H., Michel J., Cami B., Schaeffer P. Symposium on bacterial spores: II. Genetics of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis Marburg. J Appl Bacteriol. 1970 Mar;33(1):13–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1970.tb05230.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ish-Horowicz D., Burke J. F. Rapid and efficient cosmid cloning. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jul 10;9(13):2989–2998. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.13.2989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kenney T. J., Kirchman P. A., Moran C. P., Jr Gene encoding sigma E is transcribed from a sigma A-like promoter in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1988 Jul;170(7):3058–3064. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.7.3058-3064.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liu H. M., Chak K. F., Piggot P. J. Isolation and characterization of a recombinant plasmid carrying a functional part of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIA locus. J Gen Microbiol. 1982 Nov;128(11):2805–2812. doi: 10.1099/00221287-128-11-2805. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Losick R., Youngman P., Piggot P. J. Genetics of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis. Annu Rev Genet. 1986;20:625–669. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.20.120186.003205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Penn M. D., Thireos G., Greer H. Temporal analysis of general control of amino acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: role of positive regulatory genes in initiation and maintenance of mRNA derepression. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Mar;4(3):520–528. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.3.520. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Piggot P. J., Coote J. G. Genetic aspects of bacterial endospore formation. Bacteriol Rev. 1976 Dec;40(4):908–962. doi: 10.1128/br.40.4.908-962.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Piggot P. J., Curtis C. A. Analysis of the regulation of gene expression during Bacillus subtilis sporulation by manipulation of the copy number of spo-lacZ fusions. J Bacteriol. 1987 Mar;169(3):1260–1266. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.3.1260-1266.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Piggot P. J. Mapping of asporogenous mutations of Bacillus subtilis: a minimum estimate of the number of sporeulation operons. J Bacteriol. 1973 Jun;114(3):1241–1253. doi: 10.1128/jb.114.3.1241-1253.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reed K. C., Mann D. A. Rapid transfer of DNA from agarose gels to nylon membranes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Oct 25;13(20):7207–7221. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.20.7207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Savva D., Mandelstam J. Synthesis of spoIIA and spoVA mRNA in Bacillus subtilis. J Gen Microbiol. 1986 Nov;132(11):3005–3011. doi: 10.1099/00221287-132-11-3005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trempy J. E., Bonamy C., Szulmajster J., Haldenwang W. G. Bacillus subtilis sigma factor sigma 29 is the product of the sporulation-essential gene spoIIG. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(12):4189–4192. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.12.4189. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trowsdale J., Chen S. M., Hoch J. A. Genetic analysis of a class of polymyxin resistant partial revertants of stage O sporulation mutants of Bacillus subtilis: map of the chromosome region near the origin of replication. Mol Gen Genet. 1979 May 23;173(1):61–70. doi: 10.1007/BF00267691. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zuber P., Healy J. M., Losick R. Effects of plasmid propagation of a sporulation promoter on promoter utilization and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1987 Feb;169(2):461–469. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.2.461-469.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zuber P., Losick R. Role of AbrB in Spo0A- and Spo0B-dependent utilization of a sporulation promoter in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1987 May;169(5):2223–2230. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.5.2223-2230.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zuber P., Losick R. Use of a lacZ fusion to study the role of the spoO genes of Bacillus subtilis in developmental regulation. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):275–283. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90230-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]