Abstract
The yeast metallothionein gene CUP1 was cloned into a bacterial expression system to achieve efficient, controlled expression of the stable, unprocessed protein product. The Escherichia coli-synthesized yeast metallothionein bound copper, cadmium, and zinc, indicating that the protein was functional. Furthermore, E. coli cells expressing CUP1 acquired a new, inducible ability to selectively sequester heavy metal ions from the growth medium.
Full text
PDF





Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- BRENES-POMALES A., LINDEGREN G., LINDEGREN C. C. Gene control of coppersensitivity in Saccharomyces. Nature. 1955 Oct 29;176(4487):841–842. doi: 10.1038/176841a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beach L. R., Palmiter R. D. Amplification of the metallothionein-I gene in cadmium-resistant mouse cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2110–2114. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2110. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Butt T. R., Sternberg E. J., Gorman J. A., Clark P., Hamer D., Rosenberg M., Crooke S. T. Copper metallothionein of yeast, structure of the gene, and regulation of expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(11):3332–3336. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.11.3332. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Butt T. R., Sternberg E., Herd J., Crooke S. T. Cloning and expression of a yeast copper metallothionein gene. Gene. 1984 Jan;27(1):23–33. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90235-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fogel S., Welch J. W. Tandem gene amplification mediates copper resistance in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Sep;79(17):5342–5346. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.17.5342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gottesman M. E., Yarmolinsky M. B. Integration-negative mutants of bacteriophage lambda. J Mol Biol. 1968 Feb 14;31(3):487–505. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90423-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gross M., Sweet R. W., Sathe G., Yokoyama S., Fasano O., Goldfarb M., Wigler M., Rosenberg M. Purification and characterization of human H-ras proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):1015–1024. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.1015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hawthorne D C, Mortimer R K. Chromosome Mapping in Saccharomyces: Centromere-Linked Genes. Genetics. 1960 Aug;45(8):1085–1110. doi: 10.1093/genetics/45.8.1085. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Higham D. P., Sadler P. J., Scawen M. D. Cadmium-Resistant Pseudomonas putida Synthesizes Novel Cadmium Proteins. Science. 1984 Sep 7;225(4666):1043–1046. doi: 10.1126/science.225.4666.1043. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hildebrand C. E., Tobey R. A., Campbell E. W., Enger M. D. A cadmium-resistant variant of the Chinese hamster (CHO) cell with increased metallothionein induction capacity. Exp Cell Res. 1979 Dec;124(2):237–246. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90199-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Karin M., Cathala G., Nguyen-Huu M. C. Expression and regulation of a human metallothionein gene carried on an autonomously replicating shuttle vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(13):4040–4044. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.13.4040. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Karin M., Najarian R., Haslinger A., Valenzuela P., Welch J., Fogel S. Primary structure and transcription of an amplified genetic locus: the CUP1 locus of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(2):337–341. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.337. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lerch K. Copper metallothionein, a copper-binding protein from Neurospora crassa. Nature. 1980 Mar 27;284(5754):368–370. doi: 10.1038/284368a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MONOD J., COHEN-BAZIRE G., COHN M. Sur la biosynthèse de la beta-galactosidase (lactase) chez Escherichia coli; la spécificité de l'induction. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1951 Nov;7(4):585–599. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(51)90072-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meselson M., Yuan R. DNA restriction enzyme from E. coli. Nature. 1968 Mar 23;217(5134):1110–1114. doi: 10.1038/2171110a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murooka Y., Nagaoka T. Expression of cloned monkey metallothionein in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jan;53(1):204–207. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.1.204-207.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Olafson R. W., Loya S., Sim R. G. Physiological parameters of prokaryotic metallothionein induction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Aug 29;95(4):1495–1503. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(80)80066-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Premakumar R., Winge D. R., Wiley R. D., Rajagopalan K. V. Copper-chelatin: isolation from various eucaryotic sources. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1975 Sep;170(1):278–288. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90118-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prinz R., Weser U. A naturally occurring Cu-thionein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1975 Jun;356(6):767–776. doi: 10.1515/bchm2.1975.356.s1.767. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pulido P., Kägi J. H., Vallee B. L. Isolation and some properties of human metallothionein. Biochemistry. 1966 May;5(5):1768–1777. doi: 10.1021/bi00869a046. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosenberg M., Ho Y. S., Shatzman A. The use of pKc30 and its derivatives for controlled expression of genes. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:123–138. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01009-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmidt C. J., Hamer D. H. Cloning and sequence analysis of two monkey metallothionein cDNAs. Gene. 1983 Sep;24(1):137–146. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90139-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shatzman A. R., Rosenberg M. Efficient expression of heterologous genes in Escherichia coli. The pAS vector system and its applications. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1986;478:233–248. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb15534.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weser U., Rupp H., Donay F., Linnemann F., Voelter W., Voetsch W., Jung G. Characterization of Cd, Zn-thionein (metallothionein) isolated from rat and chicken liver. Eur J Biochem. 1973 Nov 1;39(1):127–140. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03111.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Winge D. R., Nielson K. B., Gray W. R., Hamer D. H. Yeast metallothionein. Sequence and metal-binding properties. J Biol Chem. 1985 Nov 25;260(27):14464–14470. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]