Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1988 Jan;170(1):345–351. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.1.345-351.1988

Identification and characterization of starvation-regulated genetic loci in Salmonella typhimurium by using Mu d-directed lacZ operon fusions.

M P Spector 1, Y K Park 1, S Tirgari 1, T Gonzalez 1, J W Foster 1
PMCID: PMC210648  PMID: 3275619

Abstract

We used the technique of Mu d-directed lac operon fusion formation in an effort to identify loci in Salmonella typhimurium which are transcriptionally regulated by nutrient starvation conditions. We identified lacZ operon fusions in eight genetic loci, all of which exhibited increased transcription when starved for two or more of the following nutrients: nicotinate, phosphate, ammonium, glucose, and sulfate. The loci have been designated stiA to stiH for starvation-inducible loci. Mutations in two sti loci (stiC and stiD) significantly decreased cell viability during prolonged periods of nicotinate starvation, stiA and stiD are linked and map at 30 min. The stiC, stiE, stiG, and stiH loci mapped at approximately 77, 43, 88, and 56 min, respectively, on the S. typhimurium linkage map.

Full text

PDF
345

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Casadaban M. J., Cohen S. N. Lactose genes fused to exogenous promoters in one step using a Mu-lac bacteriophage: in vivo probe for transcriptional control sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4530–4533. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4530. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Casadaban M. J. Transposition and fusion of the lac genes to selected promoters in Escherichia coli using bacteriophage lambda and Mu. J Mol Biol. 1976 Jul 5;104(3):541–555. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90119-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chan R. K., Botstein D., Watanabe T., Ogata Y. Specialized transduction of tetracycline resistance by phage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium. II. Properties of a high-frequency-transducing lysate. Virology. 1972 Dec;50(3):883–898. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90442-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chumley F. G., Menzel R., Roth J. R. Hfr formation directed by tn10. Genetics. 1979 Apr;91(4):639–655. doi: 10.1093/genetics/91.4.639. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Foster J. W. Identification and characterization of a relA-dependent starvation-inducible locus (sin) in Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1983 Oct;156(1):424–428. doi: 10.1128/jb.156.1.424-428.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Foster J. W., Spector M. P. Phosphate starvation regulon of Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1986 May;166(2):666–669. doi: 10.1128/jb.166.2.666-669.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Groat R. G., Schultz J. E., Zychlinsky E., Bockman A., Matin A. Starvation proteins in Escherichia coli: kinetics of synthesis and role in starvation survival. J Bacteriol. 1986 Nov;168(2):486–493. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.2.486-493.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Holley E. A., Foster J. W. Bacteriophage P22 as a vector for Mu mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium: isolation of nad-lac and pnc-lac gene fusions. J Bacteriol. 1982 Nov;152(2):959–962. doi: 10.1128/jb.152.2.959-962.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Holley E. A., Spector M. P., Foster J. W. Regulation of NAD biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium: expression of nad-lac gene fusions and identification of a nad regulatory locus. J Gen Microbiol. 1985 Oct;131(10):2759–2770. doi: 10.1099/00221287-131-10-2759. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hughes K. T., Roth J. R. Conditionally transposition-defective derivative of Mu d1(Amp Lac). J Bacteriol. 1984 Jul;159(1):130–137. doi: 10.1128/jb.159.1.130-137.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kier L. D., Weppelman R., Ames B. N. Regulation of two phosphatases and a cyclic phosphodiesterase of Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1977 Apr;130(1):420–428. doi: 10.1128/jb.130.1.420-428.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Maloy S. R., Roth J. R. Regulation of proline utilization in Salmonella typhimurium: characterization of put::Mu d(Ap, lac) operon fusions. J Bacteriol. 1983 May;154(2):561–568. doi: 10.1128/jb.154.2.561-568.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Neidhardt F. C., Bloch P. L., Smith D. F. Culture medium for enterobacteria. J Bacteriol. 1974 Sep;119(3):736–747. doi: 10.1128/jb.119.3.736-747.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Neidhardt F. C., VanBogelen R. A., Vaughn V. The genetics and regulation of heat-shock proteins. Annu Rev Genet. 1984;18:295–329. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.18.120184.001455. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Overbeeke N., Bergmans H., van Mansfeld F., Lugtenberg B. Complete nucleotide sequence of phoE, the structural gene for the phosphate limitation inducible outer membrane pore protein of Escherichia coli K12. J Mol Biol. 1983 Feb 5;163(4):513–532. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(83)90110-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Reeve C. A., Bockman A. T., Matin A. Role of protein degradation in the survival of carbon-starved Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1984 Mar;157(3):758–763. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.3.758-763.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sanderson K. E., Ross H., Ziegler L., Mäkelä P. H. F + , Hfr, and F' strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella abony. Bacteriol Rev. 1972 Dec;36(4):608–637. doi: 10.1128/br.36.4.608-637.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sanderson K. E., Roth J. R. Linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium, Edition VI. Microbiol Rev. 1983 Sep;47(3):410–453. doi: 10.1128/mr.47.3.410-453.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schlesinger M. J., Olsen R. Expression and localization of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase synthesized in Salmonella typhimurium cytoplasm. J Bacteriol. 1968 Nov;96(5):1601–1605. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.5.1601-1605.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shinagawa H., Makino K., Nakata A. Regulation of the pho regulon in Escherichia coli K-12. Genetic and physiological regulation of the positive regulatory gene phoB. J Mol Biol. 1983 Aug 15;168(3):477–488. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80297-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Spector M. P., Aliabadi Z., Gonzalez T., Foster J. W. Global control in Salmonella typhimurium: two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of starvation-, anaerobiosis-, and heat shock-inducible proteins. J Bacteriol. 1986 Oct;168(1):420–424. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.1.420-424.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Spector M. P., Hill J. M., Holley E. A., Foster J. W. Genetic characterization of pyridine nucleotide uptake mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. J Gen Microbiol. 1985 Jun;131(6):1313–1322. doi: 10.1099/00221287-131-6-1313. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tommassen J., de Geus P., Lugtenberg B., Hackett J., Reeves P. Regulation of the pho regulon of Escherichia coli K-12. Cloning of the regulatory genes phoB and phoR and identification of their gene products. J Mol Biol. 1982 May 15;157(2):265–274. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90233-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Walker G. C. Mutagenesis and inducible responses to deoxyribonucleic acid damage in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Rev. 1984 Mar;48(1):60–93. doi: 10.1128/mr.48.1.60-93.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wanner B. L., Latterell P. Mutants affected in alkaline phosphatase, expression: evidence for multiple positive regulators of the phosphate regulon in Escherichia coli. Genetics. 1980 Oct;96(2):353–366. doi: 10.1093/genetics/96.2.353. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wanner B. L., McSharry R. Phosphate-controlled gene expression in Escherichia coli K12 using Mudl-directed lacZ fusions. J Mol Biol. 1982 Jul 5;158(3):347–363. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90202-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wanner B. L. Overlapping and separate controls on the phosphate regulon in Escherichia coli K12. J Mol Biol. 1983 May 25;166(3):283–308. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80086-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Wanner B. L., Wieder S., McSharry R. Use of bacteriophage transposon Mu d1 to determine the orientation for three proC-linked phosphate-starvation-inducible (psi) genes in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1981 Apr;146(1):93–101. doi: 10.1128/jb.146.1.93-101.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES