Skip to main content
The Journal of Cell Biology logoLink to The Journal of Cell Biology
. 1970 Sep 1;46(3):553–563. doi: 10.1083/jcb.46.3.553

BASAL BODY REPLICATION AND CILIOGENESIS IN A SUCTORIAN, TOKOPHRYA INFUSIONUM

Lyndell L Millecchia 1, Maria A Rudzinska 1
PMCID: PMC2107878  PMID: 4349131

Abstract

Basal body replication and ciliogenesis in Tokophrya infusionum were studied in synchronized cultures. Basal body replication occurs during the 1st hr of reproduction, which in Tokophrya is by internal budding. The number of basal bodies increases from about 20 to over 300 within this period. New basal bodies develop in association with mature basal bodies; they are formed at right angles to the mature basal body as short "probasal" bodies, which elongate, slant upward, become parallel to the mature basal body, and elongate to the mature size. Ciliogenesis occurs only during reproduction; the nonreproducing adult is not ciliated, and has only 18–25 barren basal bodies. Cilia first appear as short bulges above the basal body. The axonemal structure is incomplete at first, with one or both central microtubules absent, and occasionally the B fibers of the outer doublets are missing. Several accessory fibers are associated with the basal bodies, both in the adult and during reproduction. One of the fibers appears only after the cilia have sprouted. The scheme of basal body replication and ciliogenesis in Tokophrya is compared to that reported in other organisms, and the role of the accessory fibers is discussed.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.2 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Allen R. D. Fine structure, reconstruction and possible functions of components of the cortex of Tetrahymena pyriformis. J Protozool. 1967 Nov;14(4):553–565. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1967.tb02042.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Allen R. D. The morphogenesis of basal bodies and accessory structures of the cortex of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. J Cell Biol. 1969 Mar;40(3):716–733. doi: 10.1083/jcb.40.3.716. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brenner R. M. Renewal of oviduct cilia during the menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkey. Fertil Steril. 1969 Jul-Aug;20(4):599–611. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)37086-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dingle A. D., Fulton C. Development of the flagellar apparatus of Naegleria. J Cell Biol. 1966 Oct;31(1):43–54. doi: 10.1083/jcb.31.1.43. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dippell R. V. The development of basal bodies in paramecium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Oct;61(2):461–468. doi: 10.1073/pnas.61.2.461. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. GALL J. G. Centriole replication. A study of spermatogenesis in the snail Viviparus. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961 Jun;10:163–193. doi: 10.1083/jcb.10.2.163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. GIBBONS I. R., GRIMSTONE A. V. On flagellar structure in certain flagellates. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1960 Jul;7:697–716. doi: 10.1083/jcb.7.4.697. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. LUFT J. H. Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961 Feb;9:409–414. doi: 10.1083/jcb.9.2.409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Millecchia L., Rudzinska M. A. An abnormality in the life cycle of Tokophrya infusionum. J Protozool. 1968 Nov;15(4):665–673. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1968.tb02191.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Outka D. E., Kluss B. C. The ameba-to-flagellate transformation in Tetramitus rostratus. II. Microtubular morphogenesis. J Cell Biol. 1967 Nov;35(2):323–346. doi: 10.1083/jcb.35.2.323. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. RENAUD F. L., SWIFT H. THE DEVELOPMENT OF BASAL BODIES AND FLAGELLA IN ALLOMYCES ARBUSCULUS. J Cell Biol. 1964 Nov;23:339–354. doi: 10.1083/jcb.23.2.339. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. ROTH L. E., SHIGENAKA Y. THE STRUCTURE AND FORMATION OF CILIA AND FILAMENTS IN RUMEN PROTOZOA. J Cell Biol. 1964 Feb;20:249–270. doi: 10.1083/jcb.20.2.249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. RUDZINSKA M. A. An electron microscope study of the contractile vacuole in Tokophrya infusionum. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1958 Mar 25;4(2):195–202. doi: 10.1083/jcb.4.2.195. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. RUDZINSKA M. A. Overfeeding and life span in Tokophrya infusionum. J Gerontol. 1952 Oct;7(4):544–548. doi: 10.1093/geronj/7.4.544. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. RUDZINSKA M. A., PORTER K. R. Electron microscope study of intact tentacles and disc in Tokophrya infusionum. Experientia. 1954 Nov 15;10(11):460–462. doi: 10.1007/BF02170400. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. RUDZINSKA M. A., PORTER K. R. Observations on the fine structure of the macronucleus of Tokophrya infusionum. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1955 Sep 25;1(5):421–428. doi: 10.1083/jcb.1.5.421. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. RUDZINSKA M. A. The use of a protozoan for studies on aging. I. Differences between young and old organisms of Tokophyra infusionum as revealed by light and electron microscopy. J Gerontol. 1961 Jul;16:213–224. doi: 10.1093/geronj/16.3.213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. SCHUSTER F. AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE AMOEBO-FLAGELLATE, NAEGLERIA GRUBERI (SCHARDINGER). I. THE AMOEBOID AND FLAGELLATE STAGES. J Protozool. 1963 Aug;10:297–313. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1963.tb01681.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sorokin S. P. Reconstructions of centriole formation and ciliogenesis in mammalian lungs. J Cell Sci. 1968 Jun;3(2):207–230. doi: 10.1242/jcs.3.2.207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. VENABLE J. H., COGGESHALL R. A SIMPLIFIED LEAD CITRATE STAIN FOR USE IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. J Cell Biol. 1965 May;25:407–408. doi: 10.1083/jcb.25.2.407. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Cell Biology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES