Abstract
Cortisol can prematurely induce glutamine synthetase activity in the chick embryo retina. Under appropriate conditions, this effect can be enhanced by addition of low levels of actinomycin D; this enhancement is reversibly inhibited by cycloheximide. The magnitude of the effect is a function of time of exposure to hormone as well as antibiotic and is also a function of the age of the embryo; within the limits of the present study it did not appear to be a function of actinomycin-D concentration. The data are discussed in terms of current ideas of possible control mechanisms in animal cells.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (533.9 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Gerschenson L. E., Andersson M., Molson J., Okigaki T. Tyrosine transaminase induction by dexamethasone in a new rat liver cell line. Science. 1970 Nov 20;170(3960):859–861. doi: 10.1126/science.170.3960.859. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kenney F. T. Turnover of rat liver tyrosine transaminase: stabilization after inhibition of protein synthesis. Science. 1967 Apr 28;156(3774):525–528. doi: 10.1126/science.156.3774.525. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lavail M. M., Reif-Lehrer L. Glutamine synthetase in the normal and dystorphic mouse retina. J Cell Biol. 1971 Oct;51(1):348–354. doi: 10.1083/jcb.51.1.348. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Martin D. W., Jr, Tomkins G. M., Bresler M. A. Control of specific gene expression examined in synchronized mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Jul;63(3):842–849. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.3.842. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moscona A. A., Moscona M. H., Saenz N. Enzyme induction in embryonic retina: the role of transcription and translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Sep;61(1):160–167. doi: 10.1073/pnas.61.1.160. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moscona A. A., Moscona M., Jones R. E. Induction of glutamine synthetase in embryonic neural retina in vitro by inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1970 Jun 5;39(5):943–949. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90415-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moscona A. A., Piddington R. Enzyme induction by corticosteroids in embryonic cells: steroid structure and inductive effect. Science. 1967 Oct 27;158(3800):496–497. doi: 10.1126/science.158.3800.496. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moscona A. A., Piddington R. Stimulation by hydrocortisone of premature changes in the developmental pattern of glutamine synthetase in embryonic retina. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966 Jun 29;121(2):409–411. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(66)90131-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peterkofsky B., Tomkins G. M. Effect of inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis on steroid-mediated induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in hepatoma cell cultures. J Mol Biol. 1967 Nov 28;30(1):49–61. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90242-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Piddington R., Moscona A. A. Precocious induction of retinal glutamine synthetase by hydrocortisone in the embryo and in culture. Age-dependent differences in tissue response. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967 Jul 25;141(2):429–432. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(67)90120-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reel J. R., Kenney F. T. "Superinduction" of tyrosine transaminase in hepatoma cell cultures: differential inhibition of synthesis and turnover by actionomycin D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Sep;61(1):200–206. doi: 10.1073/pnas.61.1.200. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reif-Lehrer L. Development of glutamine synthetase activity in chick embryo retina cultures in the absence of added hydrocortisone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1968 Dec 30;33(6):984–989. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reif-Lehrer L. Induction of glutamine synthetase in chick embryo retina: effects of serum and of steroid structure. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Dec 23;170(2):263–270. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(68)90006-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thorndike J., Reif-Lehrer L. A sensitive assay for glutamyltransferase. Enzyme. 1971;12(2):235–241. doi: 10.1159/000459536. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tomkins G. M., Gelehrter T. D., Granner D., Martin D., Jr, Samuels H. H., Thompson E. B. Control of specific gene expression in higher organisms. Expression of mammalian genes may be controlled by repressors acting on the translation of messenger RNA. Science. 1969 Dec 19;166(3912):1474–1480. doi: 10.1126/science.166.3912.1474. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
