Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Cell Biology logoLink to The Journal of Cell Biology
. 1971 Sep 1;50(3):887–892. doi: 10.1083/jcb.50.3.887

CELL POPULATION CHANGES IN THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF PROTEIN-DEPLETED OR STARVED RATS

I. Changes in Mitotic Cycle Time

P M Rose 1, A F Hopper 1, R W Wannemacher Jr 1
PMCID: PMC2108305  PMID: 5098868

Abstract

The effect of a protein-free diet and starvation on the duration of the rat ileal crypt cell cycle time was studied by Quastler's technique of labeled mitoses. Rats were fed a protein-free diet for 3, 7, or 11 wk or were starved for 7 or 10 days. Progressive protein depletion resulted in a progressive lengthening of the cycle time (GT), due primarily to a lengthening of the synthetic phase (S) of the cycle. The presynthetic gap (G1) was the same as the control value after 3 wk and lower, but not significantly so, due to the large variability, after 11 wk. The duration of the postsynthetic gap (G2) plus mitotic phase (M) was not affected by the diet. As the dietary stress became more severe, the cell cycle also became more variable. Although the GT of rats starved for as long as 10 days was only slightly different from the control, the relative duration of the components of the cycle changed significantly. S and G2 were longer in the starved animals while G1 was of shorter duration.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (339.1 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ALLISON J. B., WANNEMACHER R. W., Jr, BANKS W. L., Jr, WUNNER W. H. THE MAGNITUDE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROTEIN RESERVES IN RATS FED AT VARIOUS LEVELS OF NITROGEN. J Nutr. 1964 Dec;84:383–388. doi: 10.1093/jn/84.4.383. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baker D. G., Hopper A. F. Crypt cell population changes in the rat intestine during injury and repair after fast neutron irradiation. Radiat Res. 1968 Jun;34(3):555–569. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown H. O., Levine M. L., Lipkin M. Inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell renewal and migration induced by starvation. Am J Physiol. 1963 Nov;205(5):868–872. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.205.5.868. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. CAMERON I. L., CLEFFMANN G. INITIATION OF MITOSIS IN RELATION TO THE CELL CYCLE FOLLOWING FEEDING OF STARVED CHICKENS. J Cell Biol. 1964 May;21:169–174. doi: 10.1083/jcb.21.2.169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. CAMERON I. L., GREULICH R. C. Evidence for an essentially constant duration of DNA synthesis in renewing epithelia of the adult mouse. J Cell Biol. 1963 Jul;18:31–40. doi: 10.1083/jcb.18.1.31. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cairnie A. B., Lamerton L. F., Steel G. G. Cell proliferation studies in the intestinal epithelium of the rat. I. Determination of the kinetic parameters. Exp Cell Res. 1965 Sep;39(2):528–538. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(65)90055-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DEO M. G., RAMALINGASWAMI V. REACTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE TO INDUCED PROTEIN MALNUTRITION IN RHESUS MONKEYS. A STUDY OF CELL POPULATION KINETICS IN THE JEJUNUM. Gastroenterology. 1965 Aug;49:150–157. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Donnelly G. M., Sisken J. E. RNA and protein synthesis required for entry of cells into mitosis and during the mitotic cycle. Exp Cell Res. 1967 Apr;46(1):93–105. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(67)90412-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. FRY R. J., LESHER S., KOHN H. I. Influence of age on the transit time of cells of the mouse intestinal epithelium. III. Ileum. Lab Invest. 1962 Apr;11:289–293. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. HOOPER C. S., BLAIR M. The effect of starvation on epithelial renewal in the rat duodenum. Exp Cell Res. 1958 Feb;14(1):175–181. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(58)90224-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hindmarsh J. T., Kilby D., Ross B., Wiseman G. Further studies on intestinal active transport during semistarvation. J Physiol. 1967 Jan;188(2):207–218. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008134. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hirschfield J. S., Kern F., Jr Protein starvation and the small intestine. 3. Incorporation of orally and intraperitoneally administered 1-leucine 4,5-3H into intestinal mucosal protein of protein-deprived rats. J Clin Invest. 1969 Jul;48(7):1224–1229. doi: 10.1172/JCI106086. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hopper A. F., Wannemacher R. W., Jr, McGovern P. A. Cell population changes in the intestinal epithelium of the rat following starvation and protein-depletion. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1968 Jul;128(3):695–698. doi: 10.3181/00379727-128-33103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LEBLOND C. P., CARRIERE R. The effect of growth hormone and thyroxine on the mitotic rate of the intestinal mucosa of the rat. Endocrinology. 1955 Mar;56(3):261–266. doi: 10.1210/endo-56-3-261. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. LESHER S., FRY R. J., KOHN H. I. Aging and the generation cycle of intestinal epithelial cells in the mouse. Gerontologia. 1961;5:176–181. doi: 10.1159/000211054. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. LESHER S., FRY R. J., SACHER G. A. Effects of chronic gamma irradiation on the generation cycle of the mouse duodenum. Exp Cell Res. 1961 Nov;25:398–404. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(61)90289-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LESHER S., SALLESE A., SACHER G. The effect of starvation on the duodenal epithelium. Anat Rec. 1959 Aug;134:677–683. doi: 10.1002/ar.1091340403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. LESHER S., WALBURG H. E., Jr, SACHER G. A., Jr GENERATION CYCLE IN THE DUODENAL CRYPT CELLS OF GERM-FREE AND CONVENTIONAL MICE. Nature. 1964 May 30;202:884–886. doi: 10.1038/202884a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. LORAN M. R., CROCKER T. T. POPULATION DYNAMICS OF INTESTINAL EPITHELIA IN THE RAT TWO MONTHS AFTER PARTIAL RESECTION OF THE ILEUM. J Cell Biol. 1963 Nov;19:285–291. doi: 10.1083/jcb.19.2.285. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Madi K., Jervis H. R., Anderson P. R., Zimmerman M. R. A protein-deficient diet. Effect on the liver, pancreas, stomach, and small intestine of the rat. Arch Pathol. 1970 Jan;89(1):38–52. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mayoral L. G., Tripathy K., García F. T., Klahr S., Bolaños O., Ghitis J. Malabsorption in the tropics: a second look. I. The role of protein malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1967 Aug;20(8):866–883. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/20.8.866. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. PATT H. M., QUASTLER H. Radiation effects on cell renewal and related systems. Physiol Rev. 1963 Jul;43:357–396. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1963.43.3.357. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. QUASTLER H., SHERMAN F. G. Cell population kinetics in the intestinal epithelium of the mouse. Exp Cell Res. 1959 Jun;17(3):420–438. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(59)90063-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. SYMONS L. E. KINETICS OF THE EPITHELIAL CELLS, AND MORPHOLOGY OF VILLI AND CRYPTS IN THE JEJUNUM OF THE RAT INFECTED BY THE NEMATODE NIPPOSTRONGYLUS BRASILIENSIS. Gastroenterology. 1965 Aug;49:158–168. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Thrasher J. D., Greulich R. C. The duodenal progenitor population. I. Age related increase in the duration of the cryptal progenitor cycle. J Exp Zool. 1965 Jun;159(1):39–46. doi: 10.1002/jez.1401590105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Cell Biology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES