Abstract
Identification of chloroplast coupling factor particles, by the freeze-etching and negative-staining techniques, was made utilizing chloroplast thylakoids isolated from spinach leaves. Complete removal of particles, comparable in diameter to purified coupling factor particles, from the outer surface of freeze-etched thylakoids was achieved by treatment with 0.8% silicotungstate. Reappearance of particles, comparable in diameter to purified coupling factor particles, on the outer surface of freeze-etched thylakoids was demonstrated by combining silicotungstate-treated thylakoids with purified chloroplast coupling factor. Negative-staining results were in agreement with the freeze-etch data. The results demonstrate that the chloroplast coupling factor particles are exposed on the outer surface.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.7 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- FERNANDEZ-MORAN H. Cell-membrane ultrastructure. Low-temperature electron microsopy and x-ray diffraction studies of lipoprotein components in lamellar systems. Circulation. 1962 Nov;26:1039–1065. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.26.5.1039. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heber U. Freezing injury and uncoupling of phosphorylation from electron transport in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 1967 Oct;42(10):1343–1350. doi: 10.1104/pp.42.10.1343. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howell S. H., Moudrianakis E. N. Hill reaction site in chloroplast membranes: non-participation of the quantasome particle in photoreduction. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jul 28;27(2):323–333. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90023-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lien S., Racker E. Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing photophosphorylation. 8. Properties of silicotungstate-treated subchloroplast particles. J Biol Chem. 1971 Jul 10;246(13):4298–4307. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mazur P. Theoretical and experimental effects of cooling and warming velocity on the survival of frozen and thawed cells. Cryobiology. 1966 Jan-Feb;2(4):181–192. doi: 10.1016/s0011-2240(66)80165-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCarty R. E., Racker E. Effect of a coupling factor and its antiserum on photophosphorylation and hydrogen ion transport. Brookhaven Symp Biol. 1966;19:202–214. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCarty R. E., Racker E. Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing photophosphorylation. 3. Activation of adenosine triphosphatase and 32P-labeled orthophosphate -adeno-sine triphosphate exchange in chloroplasts. J Biol Chem. 1968 Jan 10;243(1):129–137. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mühlethaler K. Electron microscope methods applied to membranes. Chem Phys Lipids. 1972 May;8(4):259–264. doi: 10.1016/0009-3084(72)90053-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Park R. B., Pfeifhofer A. O. Ultrastructural observations on deep-etched thylakoids. J Cell Sci. 1969 Jul;5(1):299–311. doi: 10.1242/jcs.5.1.299. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Racker E., Horstman L. L., Kling D., Fessenden-Raden J. M. Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation. XXI. Resolution of submitochondrial particles from bovine heart mitochondria with silicotungstate. J Biol Chem. 1969 Dec 25;244(24):6668–6674. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Telford J. N., Racker E. A method for increasing contrast of mitochondrial inner membrane spheres in thin sections of epon-araldite embedded tissue. J Cell Biol. 1973 May;57(2):580–586. doi: 10.1083/jcb.57.2.580. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VAMBUTAS V. K., RACKER E. PARTIAL RESOLUTION OF THE ENZYMES CATALYZINE PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION. I. STIMULATION OF PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION BY A PREPARATION OF A LATENT, CA++- DEPENDENT ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE FROM CHLOROPLASTS. J Biol Chem. 1965 Jun;240:2660–2667. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wrigglesworth J. M., Packer L., Branton D. Organization of mitochondrial structure as revealed by freeze-etching. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970;205(2):125–135. doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(70)90243-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]