Abstract
This paper describes a simple method for the freeze-fracturing of cells in monolayers or multi-layer tissue cultures. The method produces high quality replicas and is applicable to the study of virtually any tissue culture or organ culture system. It uses standard materials and equipment for both tissue culture and freeze-fracturing.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.9 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Branton D., Bullivant S., Gilula N. B., Karnovsky M. J., Moor H., Mühlethaler K., Northcote D. H., Packer L., Satir B., Satir P. Freeze-etching nomenclature. Science. 1975 Oct 3;190(4209):54–56. doi: 10.1126/science.1166299. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Collins T. R., Bartholomew J. C., Calvin M. A simple method for freeze-fracture of monolayer cultures. J Cell Biol. 1975 Dec;67(3):904–911. doi: 10.1083/jcb.67.3.904. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eisenstein R., Kuettner K. E., Neapolitan C., Soble L. W., Sorgente N. The resistance of certain tissues to invasion. III. Cartilage extracts inhibit the growth of fibroblasts and endothelial cells in culture. Am J Pathol. 1975 Nov;81(2):337–348. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elias P. M., Friend D. S. Vitamin-A-induced mucous metaplasia. An in vitro system for modulating tight and gap junction differentiation. J Cell Biol. 1976 Feb;68(2):173–188. doi: 10.1083/jcb.68.2.173. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furcht L. T., Scott E. Effect of vinblastine sulfate, colchicine and lumicolchicine on membrane organization of normal and transformed cells. Exp Cell Res. 1975 Dec;96(2):271–282. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(75)90257-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furcht L. T., Scott R. E. Influence of cell cycle and cell movement on the distribution of intramembranous particles in contact-inhibited and transformed cells. Exp Cell Res. 1974 Oct;88(2):311–318. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(74)90246-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gilula N. B., Eger R. R., Rifkin D. B. Plasma membrane alteration associated with malignant transformation in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Sep;72(9):3594–3598. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.9.3594. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hasegawa T., Hata S. Letter: Freeze-etching observations of herpes simplex virus in the nucleus of FL cell. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 1975;24(1):43–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McAllister R. M., Gardner M. B., Greene A. E., Bradt C., Nichols W. W., Landing B. H. Cultivation in vitro of cells derived from a human osteosarcoma. Cancer. 1971 Feb;27(2):397–402. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197102)27:2<397::aid-cncr2820270224>3.0.co;2-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pickett P. B., Pitelka D. R., Hamamoto S. T., Misfeldt D. S. Occluding junctions and cell behavior in primary cultures of normal and neoplastic mammary gland cells. J Cell Biol. 1975 Aug;66(2):316–332. doi: 10.1083/jcb.66.2.316. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pinto Da Silva P., Martinez-Palomo A. Distribution of membrane particles and gap junctions in normal and transformed 3T3 cells studied in situ, in suspension, and treated with concanavalin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Feb;72(2):572–576. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.2.572. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pinto da Silva P., Gilula N. B. Gap junctions in normal and transformed fibroblasts in culture. Exp Cell Res. 1972;71(2):393–401. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90309-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REED M. V., GEY G. O. Cultivation of normal and malignant human lung tissue. I. The establishment of three adenocarcinoma cell strains. Lab Invest. 1962 Aug;11:638–652. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reith A., Oftebro R. Structure of HeLa cells after treatment with glycerol as revealed by freeze-etching and electron microscopic methods. Exp Cell Res. 1971 Jun;66(2):385–395. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(71)90692-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Staehelin L. A., Bertaud W. S. Temperature and contamination dependent freeze-etch images of frozen water and glycerol solutions. J Ultrastruct Res. 1971 Oct;37(1):146–168. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80047-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Torpier G., Montagnier L., Biquard J. M., Vigier P. A structural change of the plasma membrane induced by oncogenic viruses: quantitative studies with the freeze-fracture technique. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 May;72(5):1695–1698. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.5.1695. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]