Skip to main content
The Journal of Cell Biology logoLink to The Journal of Cell Biology
. 1982 Apr 1;93(1):97–102. doi: 10.1083/jcb.93.1.97

Isolation of intracellular membranes by means of sodium carbonate treatment: application to endoplasmic reticulum

PMCID: PMC2112113  PMID: 7068762

Abstract

A rapid and simple method for the isolation of membranes from subcellular organelles is described. The procedure consists of diluting the organelles in ice-cold 100 mM Na2CO3 followed by centrifugation to pellet the membranes. Closed vesicles are converted to open membrane sheets, and content proteins and peripheral membrane proteins are released in soluble form. Here we document the method by applying it to various subfractions of a rat liver microsomal fraction, prepared by continuous density gradient centrifugation according to Beaufay et al. (1974, J. Cell Biol. 61:213-231). The results confirm and extend those of previous investigators on the distribution of enzymes and proteins among the membranes of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the accompanying paper (1982, J. Cell Biol. 93:103-110) the procedure is applied to peroxisomes and mitochondria.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (997.2 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. AMES B. N., DUBIN D. T. The role of polyamines in the neutralization of bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1960 Mar;235:769–775. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Adelman M. R., Sabatini D. D., Blobel G. Ribosome-membrane interaction. Nondestructive disassembly of rat liver rough microsomes into ribosomal and membranous components. J Cell Biol. 1973 Jan;56(1):206–229. doi: 10.1083/jcb.56.1.206. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Amar-Costesec A., Wibo M., Thinès-Sempoux D., Beaufay H., Berthet J. Analytical study of microsomes and isolated subcellular membranes from rat liver. IV. Biochemical, physical, and morphological modifications of microsomal components induced by digitonin, EDTA, and pyrophosphate. J Cell Biol. 1974 Sep;62(3):717–745. doi: 10.1083/jcb.62.3.717. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BLIGH E. G., DYER W. J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1959 Aug;37(8):911–917. doi: 10.1139/o59-099. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Beaufay H., Amar-Costesec A., Feytmans E., Thinès-Sempoux D., Wibo M., Robbi M., Berthet J. Analytical study of microsomes and isolated subcellular membranes from rat liver. I. Biochemical methods. J Cell Biol. 1974 Apr;61(1):188–200. doi: 10.1083/jcb.61.1.188. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Beaufay H., Amar-Costesec A., Thinès-Sempoux D., Wibo M., Robbi M., Berthet J. Analytical study of microsomes and isolated subcellular membranes from rat liver. 3. Subfractionation of the microsomal fraction by isopycnic and differential centrifugation in density gradients. J Cell Biol. 1974 Apr;61(1):213–231. doi: 10.1083/jcb.61.1.213. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Beaufay H., Jacques P., Baudhuin P., Sellinger O. Z., Berthet J., De Duve C. Tissue fractionation studies. 18. Resolution of mitochondrial fractions from rat liver into three distinct populations of cytoplasmic particles by means of density equilibration in various gradients. Biochem J. 1964 Jul;92(1):184–205. doi: 10.1042/bj0920184. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Blobel G., Potter V. R. Distribution of radioactivity between the acid-soluble pool and the pools of RNA in the nuclear, nonsedimethable and ribosome fractions of rat liver after a single injection of lebaled orotic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Aug 23;166(1):48–57. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(68)90489-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DE DUVE C., PRESSMAN B. C., GIANETTO R., WATTIAUX R., APPELMANS F. Tissue fractionation studies. 6. Intracellular distribution patterns of enzymes in rat-liver tissue. Biochem J. 1955 Aug;60(4):604–617. doi: 10.1042/bj0600604. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Farquhar M. G., Palade G. E. Cell junctions in amphibian skin. J Cell Biol. 1965 Jul;26(1):263–291. doi: 10.1083/jcb.26.1.263. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fujiki Y., Fowler S., Shio H., Hubbard A. L., Lazarow P. B. Polypeptide and phospholipid composition of the membrane of rat liver peroxisomes: comparison with endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes. J Cell Biol. 1982 Apr;93(1):103–110. doi: 10.1083/jcb.93.1.103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kreibich G., Czakó-Graham M., Grebenau R., Mok W., Rodriguez-Boulan E., Sabatini D. D. Characterization of the ribosomal binding site in rat liver rough microsomes: ribophorins I and II, two integral membrane proteins related to ribosome binding. J Supramol Struct. 1978;8(3):279–302. doi: 10.1002/jss.400080307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kreibich G., Debey P., Sabatini D. D. Selective release of content from microsomal vesicles without membrane disassembly. I. Permeability changes induced by low detergent concentrations. J Cell Biol. 1973 Aug;58(2):436–462. doi: 10.1083/jcb.58.2.436. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kreibich G., Sabatini D. D. Selective release of content from microsomal vesicles without membrane disassembly. II. Electrophoretic and immunological characterization of microsomal subfractions. J Cell Biol. 1974 Jun;61(3):789–807. doi: 10.1083/jcb.61.3.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kreibich G., Ulrich B. L., Sabatini D. D. Proteins of rough microsomal membranes related to ribosome binding. I. Identification of ribophorins I and II, membrane proteins characteristics of rough microsomes. J Cell Biol. 1978 May;77(2):464–487. doi: 10.1083/jcb.77.2.464. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lazarow P. B., de Duve C. The synthesis and turnover of rat liver peroxisomes. V. Intracellular pathway of catalase synthesis. J Cell Biol. 1973 Nov;59(2 Pt 1):507–524. doi: 10.1083/jcb.59.2.507. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Leighton F., Poole B., Beaufay H., Baudhuin P., Coffey J. W., Fowler S., De Duve C. The large-scale separation of peroxisomes, mitochondria, and lysosomes from the livers of rats injected with triton WR-1339. Improved isolation procedures, automated analysis, biochemical and morphological properties of fractions. J Cell Biol. 1968 May;37(2):482–513. doi: 10.1083/jcb.37.2.482. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rachubinski R. A., Verma D. P., Bergeron J. J. Synthesis of rat liver microsomal cytochrome b5 by free ribosomes. J Cell Biol. 1980 Mar;84(3):705–716. doi: 10.1083/jcb.84.3.705. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Reynolds J. A., Trayer H. Solubility of membrane proteins in aqueous media. J Biol Chem. 1971 Dec 10;246(23):7337–7342. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Robbi M., Lazarow P. B. Synthesis of catalase in two cell-free protein-synthesizing systems and in rat liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Sep;75(9):4344–4348. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.9.4344. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Rogers M. J., Strittmatter P. Lipid-protein interactions in the reconstitution of the microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome b 5 reductase system. J Biol Chem. 1973 Feb 10;248(3):800–806. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Scheele G. A., Palade G. E., Tartakoff A. M. Cell fractionation studies on the guinea pig pancreas. Redistribution of exocrine proteins during tissue homogenization. J Cell Biol. 1978 Jul;78(1):110–130. doi: 10.1083/jcb.78.1.110. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Singer S. J., Nicolson G. L. The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science. 1972 Feb 18;175(4023):720–731. doi: 10.1126/science.175.4023.720. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Steck T. L. The organization of proteins in the human red blood cell membrane. A review. J Cell Biol. 1974 Jul;62(1):1–19. doi: 10.1083/jcb.62.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Steck T. L., Yu J. Selective solubilization of proteins from red blood cell membranes by protein perturbants. J Supramol Struct. 1973;1(3):220–232. doi: 10.1002/jss.400010307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Taylor J. M., Schimke R. T. Synthesis of rat liver albumin in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free protein-synthesizing system. J Biol Chem. 1973 Nov 25;248(22):7661–7668. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Cell Biology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES