Abstract
Dedifferentiated chick embryo chondrocytes (Castagnola, P., G. Moro, F. Descalzi-Cancedda, and R. Cancedda, 1986, J. Cell Biol., 102:2310- 2317), when transferred to suspension culture on agarose-coated dishes in the presence of ascorbic acid, aggregate and remain clustered. With time in culture, clusters grow in size and adhere to each other, forming structures that may be several millimeters in dimension. These structures after 7 d of culture have the histologic appearance of mature hypertrophic cartilage partially surrounded by a layer of elongated cells resembling the perichondrium. Cells inside the aggregates have ultrastructural features of stage I (proliferating) or stage II (hypertrophic) chondrocytes depending on their location. Occurrence and distribution of type I, II, and X collagens in the in vitro-formed cartilage at different times of culture, show a temporal and spatial distribution of these antigens reminiscent of the maturation events occurring in the cartilage in vivo. A comparable histologic appearance is shown also by cell aggregates obtained starting with a population of cells derived from a single, cloned, dedifferentiated chondrocyte.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (4.7 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ambesi-Impiombato F. S., Parks L. A., Coon H. G. Culture of hormone-dependent functional epithelial cells from rat thyroids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3455–3459. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3455. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Capasso O., Tajana G., Cancedda R. Location of 64K collagen producer chondrocytes in developing chicken embryo tibiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jun;4(6):1163–1168. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.6.1163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Castagnola P., Moro G., Descalzi-Cancedda F., Cancedda R. Type X collagen synthesis during in vitro development of chick embryo tibial chondrocytes. J Cell Biol. 1986 Jun;102(6):2310–2317. doi: 10.1083/jcb.102.6.2310. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gibson G. J., Beaumont B. W., Flint M. H. Synthesis of a low molecular weight collagen by chondrocytes from the presumptive calcification region of the embryonic chick sterna: the influence of culture with collagen gels. J Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;99(1 Pt 1):208–216. doi: 10.1083/jcb.99.1.208. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Habuchi H., Conrad H. E., Glaser J. H. Coordinate regulation of collagen and alkaline phosphatase levels in chick embryo chondrocytes. J Biol Chem. 1985 Oct 25;260(24):13029–13034. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hajek A. S., Solursh M. The effect of ascorbic acid on growth and synthesis of matrix components by cultured chick embryo chondrocytes. J Exp Zool. 1977 Jun;200(3):377–388. doi: 10.1002/jez.1402000308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hayashi M., Ninomiya Y., Parsons J., Hayashi K., Olsen B. R., Trelstad R. L. Differential localization of mRNAs of collagen types I and II in chick fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and corneal cells by in situ hybridization using cDNA probes. J Cell Biol. 1986 Jun;102(6):2302–2309. doi: 10.1083/jcb.102.6.2302. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hunziker E. B., Herrmann W., Schenk R. K., Mueller M., Moor H. Cartilage ultrastructure after high pressure freezing, freeze substitution, and low temperature embedding. I. Chondrocyte ultrastructure--implications for the theories of mineralization and vascular invasion. J Cell Biol. 1984 Jan;98(1):267–276. doi: 10.1083/jcb.98.1.267. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hunziker E. B., Schenk R. K. Cartilage ultrastructure after high pressure freezing, freeze substitution, and low temperature embedding. II. Intercellular matrix ultrastructure - preservation of proteoglycans in their native state. J Cell Biol. 1984 Jan;98(1):277–282. doi: 10.1083/jcb.98.1.277. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kielty C. M., Kwan A. P., Holmes D. F., Schor S. L., Grant M. E. Type X collagen, a product of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Biochem J. 1985 Apr 15;227(2):545–554. doi: 10.1042/bj2270545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mauger A., Demarchez M., Herbage D., Grimaud J. A., Druguet M., Hartmann D., Sengel P. Immunofluorescent localization of collagen types I and III, and of fibronectin during feather morphogenesis in the chick embryo. Dev Biol. 1982 Nov;94(1):93–105. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(82)90072-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oakes B. W., Handley C. J., Lisner F., Lowther D. A. An ultrastructural and biochemical study of high density primary cultures of embryonic chick chondrocytes. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1977 Apr;38:239–263. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmid T. M., Linsenmayer T. F. Developmental acquisition of type X collagen in the embryonic chick tibiotarsus. Dev Biol. 1985 Feb;107(2):373–381. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(85)90319-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stocum D. L., Davis R. M., Leger M., Conrad H. E. Development of the tibiotarsus in the chick embryo: biosynthetic activities of histologically distinct regions. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1979 Dec;54:155–170. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thorogood P. V., Hinchliffe J. R. An analysis of the condensation process during chondrogenesis in the embryonic chick hind limb. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1975 Jun;33(3):581–606. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- von der Mark H., von der Mark K., Gay S. Study of differential collagen synthesis during development of the chick embryo by immunofluorescence. I. Preparation of collagen type I and type II specific antibodies and their application to early stages of the chick embryo. Dev Biol. 1976 Feb;48(2):237–249. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(76)90088-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]