Skip to main content
The Journal of Cell Biology logoLink to The Journal of Cell Biology
. 1988 Oct 1;107(4):1465–1476. doi: 10.1083/jcb.107.4.1465

Reconstitution of protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex in yeast: the acceptor Golgi compartment is defective in the sec23 mutant

PMCID: PMC2115264  PMID: 3049622

Abstract

Using either permeabilized cells or microsomes we have reconstituted the early events of the yeast secretory pathway in vitro. In the first stage of the reaction approximately 50-70% of the prepro-alpha-factor, synthesized in a yeast translation lysate, is translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of permeabilized yeast cells or directly into yeast microsomes. In the second stage of the reaction 48-66% of the ER form of alpha-factor (26,000 D) is then converted to the high molecular weight Golgi form in the presence of ATP, soluble factors and an acceptor membrane fraction; GTP gamma S inhibits this transport reaction. Donor, acceptor, and soluble fractions can be separated in this assay. This has enabled us to determine the defective fraction in sec23, a secretory mutant that blocks ER to Golgi transport in vivo. When fractions were prepared from mutant cells grown at the permissive or restrictive temperature and then assayed in vitro, the acceptor Golgi fraction was found to be defective.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (2.7 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Balch W. E., Dunphy W. G., Braell W. A., Rothman J. E. Reconstitution of the transport of protein between successive compartments of the Golgi measured by the coupled incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine. Cell. 1984 Dec;39(2 Pt 1):405–416. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90019-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Balch W. E., Elliott M. M., Keller D. S. ATP-coupled transport of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. J Biol Chem. 1986 Nov 5;261(31):14681–14689. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Ballou L., Cohen R. E., Ballou C. E. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants that make mannoproteins with a truncated carbohydrate outer chain. J Biol Chem. 1980 Jun 25;255(12):5986–5991. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bangs J. D., Andrews N. W., Hart G. W., Englund P. T. Posttranslational modification and intracellular transport of a trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein. J Cell Biol. 1986 Jul;103(1):255–263. doi: 10.1083/jcb.103.1.255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Beckers C. J., Keller D. S., Balch W. E. Semi-intact cells permeable to macromolecules: use in reconstitution of protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. Cell. 1987 Aug 14;50(4):523–534. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90025-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Blobel G., Dobberstein B. Transfer of proteins across membranes. II. Reconstitution of functional rough microsomes from heterologous components. J Cell Biol. 1975 Dec;67(3):852–862. doi: 10.1083/jcb.67.3.852. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chamberlain J. P. Fluorographic detection of radioactivity in polyacrylamide gels with the water-soluble fluor, sodium salicylate. Anal Biochem. 1979 Sep 15;98(1):132–135. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90716-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Chu F. K., Trimble R. B., Maley F. The effect of carbohydrate depletion on the properties of yeast external invertase. J Biol Chem. 1978 Dec 25;253(24):8691–8693. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Esmon B., Novick P., Schekman R. Compartmentalized assembly of oligosaccharides on exported glycoproteins in yeast. Cell. 1981 Aug;25(2):451–460. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90063-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Farquhar M. G., Palade G. E. The Golgi apparatus (complex)-(1954-1981)-from artifact to center stage. J Cell Biol. 1981 Dec;91(3 Pt 2):77s–103s. doi: 10.1083/jcb.91.3.77s. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Ferro-Novick S., Hansen W., Schauer I., Schekman R. Genes required for completion of import of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum in yeast. J Cell Biol. 1984 Jan;98(1):44–53. doi: 10.1083/jcb.98.1.44. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Glick B. S., Rothman J. E. Possible role for fatty acyl-coenzyme A in intracellular protein transport. Nature. 1987 Mar 19;326(6110):309–312. doi: 10.1038/326309a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Goud B., Salminen A., Walworth N. C., Novick P. J. A GTP-binding protein required for secretion rapidly associates with secretory vesicles and the plasma membrane in yeast. Cell. 1988 Jun 3;53(5):753–768. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90093-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hansen W., Garcia P. D., Walter P. In vitro protein translocation across the yeast endoplasmic reticulum: ATP-dependent posttranslational translocation of the prepro-alpha-factor. Cell. 1986 May 9;45(3):397–406. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90325-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Haselbeck A., Schekman R. Interorganelle transfer and glycosylation of yeast invertase in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(7):2017–2021. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.7.2017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Jamieson J. D., Palade G. E. Intracellular transport of secretory proteins in the pancreatic exocrine cell. IV. Metabolic requirements. J Cell Biol. 1968 Dec;39(3):589–603. doi: 10.1083/jcb.39.3.589. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Julius D., Brake A., Blair L., Kunisawa R., Thorner J. Isolation of the putative structural gene for the lysine-arginine-cleaving endopeptidase required for processing of yeast prepro-alpha-factor. Cell. 1984 Jul;37(3):1075–1089. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90442-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Julius D., Schekman R., Thorner J. Glycosylation and processing of prepro-alpha-factor through the yeast secretory pathway. Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):309–318. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90224-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kornfeld R., Kornfeld S. Assembly of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:631–664. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.003215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kubota S., Yoshida Y., Kumaoka H., Furumichi A. Studies on the microsomal electron-transport system of anaerobically grown yeast. V. Purification and characterization of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. J Biochem. 1977 Jan;81(1):197–205. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131436. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kukuruzinska M. A., Bergh M. L., Jackson B. J. Protein glycosylation in yeast. Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:915–944. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.004411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lodish H. F., Kong N., Hirani S., Rasmussen J. A vesicular intermediate in the transport of hepatoma secretory proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. J Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;104(2):221–230. doi: 10.1083/jcb.104.2.221. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Melançon P., Glick B. S., Malhotra V., Weidman P. J., Serafini T., Gleason M. L., Orci L., Rothman J. E. Involvement of GTP-binding "G" proteins in transport through the Golgi stack. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):1053–1062. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90591-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Meyer D. I., Krause E., Dobberstein B. Secretory protein translocation across membranes-the role of the "docking protein'. Nature. 1982 Jun 24;297(5868):647–650. doi: 10.1038/297647a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nakajima T., Ballou C. E. Yeast manno-protein biosynthesis: solubilization and selective assay of four mannosyltransferases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3912–3916. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3912. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Newman A. P., Ferro-Novick S. Characterization of new mutants in the early part of the yeast secretory pathway isolated by a [3H]mannose suicide selection. J Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;105(4):1587–1594. doi: 10.1083/jcb.105.4.1587. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Novick P., Ferro S., Schekman R. Order of events in the yeast secretory pathway. Cell. 1981 Aug;25(2):461–469. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90064-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Novick P., Field C., Schekman R. Identification of 23 complementation groups required for post-translational events in the yeast secretory pathway. Cell. 1980 Aug;21(1):205–215. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90128-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Palade G. Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis. Science. 1975 Aug 1;189(4200):347–358. doi: 10.1126/science.1096303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Reid G. A., Schatz G. Import of proteins into mitochondria. Extramitochondrial pools and post-translational import of mitochondrial protein precursors in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1982 Nov 10;257(21):13062–13067. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Rothblatt J. A., Meyer D. I. Secretion in yeast: translocation and glycosylation of prepro-alpha-factor in vitro can occur via an ATP-dependent post-translational mechanism. EMBO J. 1986 May;5(5):1031–1036. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04318.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Ruohola H., Ferro-Novick S. Sec53, a protein required for an early step in secretory protein processing and transport in yeast, interacts with the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(23):8468–8472. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8468. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Salminen A., Novick P. J. A ras-like protein is required for a post-Golgi event in yeast secretion. Cell. 1987 May 22;49(4):527–538. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90455-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Saraste J., Hedman K. Intracellular vesicles involved in the transport of Semliki Forest virus membrane proteins to the cell surface. EMBO J. 1983;2(11):2001–2006. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01691.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Saraste J., Kuismanen E. Pre- and post-Golgi vacuoles operate in the transport of Semliki Forest virus membrane glycoproteins to the cell surface. Cell. 1984 Sep;38(2):535–549. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90508-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Saraste J., Palade G. E., Farquhar M. G. Temperature-sensitive steps in the transport of secretory proteins through the Golgi complex in exocrine pancreatic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(17):6425–6429. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Schmitt H. D., Puzicha M., Gallwitz D. Study of a temperature-sensitive mutant of the ras-related YPT1 gene product in yeast suggests a role in the regulation of intracellular calcium. Cell. 1988 May 20;53(4):635–647. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90579-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Segev N., Mulholland J., Botstein D. The yeast GTP-binding YPT1 protein and a mammalian counterpart are associated with the secretion machinery. Cell. 1988 Mar 25;52(6):915–924. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90433-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Simons K., Virta H. Perforated MDCK cells support intracellular transport. EMBO J. 1987 Aug;6(8):2241–2247. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02496.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Trimble R. B., Atkinson P. H. Structure of yeast external invertase Man8-14GlcNAc processing intermediates by 500-megahertz 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jul 25;261(21):9815–9824. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Tsai P. K., Frevert J., Ballou C. E. Carbohydrate structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn9 mannoprotein. J Biol Chem. 1984 Mar 25;259(6):3805–3811. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Walter P., Blobel G. Preparation of microsomal membranes for cotranslational protein translocation. Methods Enzymol. 1983;96:84–93. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(83)96010-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Walter P., Blobel G. Purification of a membrane-associated protein complex required for protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7112–7116. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7112. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Walter P., Gilmore R., Blobel G. Protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell. 1984 Aug;38(1):5–8. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90520-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Waters M. G., Blobel G. Secretory protein translocation in a yeast cell-free system can occur posttranslationally and requires ATP hydrolysis. J Cell Biol. 1986 May;102(5):1543–1550. doi: 10.1083/jcb.102.5.1543. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Waters M. G., Chirico W. J., Blobel G. Protein translocation across the yeast microsomal membrane is stimulated by a soluble factor. J Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;103(6 Pt 2):2629–2636. doi: 10.1083/jcb.103.6.2629. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Wickerham L. J. A Critical Evaluation of the Nitrogen Assimilation Tests Commonly Used in the Classification of Yeasts. J Bacteriol. 1946 Sep;52(3):293–301. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Wiedmann M., Kurzchalia T. V., Hartmann E., Rapoport T. A. A signal sequence receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. 1987 Aug 27-Sep 2Nature. 328(6133):830–833. doi: 10.1038/328830a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Cell Biology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES