Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Cell Biology logoLink to The Journal of Cell Biology
. 1989 Feb 1;108(2):653–660. doi: 10.1083/jcb.108.2.653

Transforming growth factor-beta 1: histochemical localization with antibodies to different epitopes

PMCID: PMC2115454  PMID: 2465297

Abstract

We have localized transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in many cells and tissues with immunohistochemical methods, using two polyclonal antisera raised to different synthetic preparations of a peptide corresponding to the amino-terminal 30 amino acids of TGF-beta 1. These two antibodies give distinct staining patterns; the staining by anti-CC(1-30) is intracellular. This differential staining pattern is consistently observed in several systems, including cultured tumor cells; mouse embryonic, neonatal, and adult tissues; bovine fibropapillomas; and human colon carcinomas. The extracellular staining by anti-CC(1-30) partially resembles that seen with an antibody to fibronectin, suggesting that extracellular TGF-beta may be bound to matrix proteins. The intracellular staining by anti-LC(1-30) is similar to that seen with two other antibodies raised to peptides corresponding to either amino acids 266-278 of the TGF-beta 1 precursor sequence or to amino acids 50-75 of mature TGF-beta 1, suggesting that anti-LC(1- 30) stains sites of TGF-beta synthesis. Results from RIA and ELISAs indicate that anti-LC(1-30) and anti-CC(1-30) recognize different epitopes of this peptide and of TGF-beta 1 itself.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (7.9 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anzano M. A., Roberts A. B., De Larco J. E., Wakefield L. M., Assoian R. K., Roche N. S., Smith J. M., Lazarus J. E., Sporn M. B. Increased secretion of type beta transforming growth factor accompanies viral transformation of cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jan;5(1):242–247. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.1.242. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Assoian R. K., Komoriya A., Meyers C. A., Miller D. M., Sporn M. B. Transforming growth factor-beta in human platelets. Identification of a major storage site, purification, and characterization. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jun 10;258(11):7155–7160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barlow D. J., Edwards M. S., Thornton J. M. Continuous and discontinuous protein antigenic determinants. Nature. 1986 Aug 21;322(6081):747–748. doi: 10.1038/322747a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dyrberg T., Oldstone M. B. Peptides as antigens. Importance of orientation. J Exp Med. 1986 Oct 1;164(4):1344–1349. doi: 10.1084/jem.164.4.1344. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ellingsworth L. R., Brennan J. E., Fok K., Rosen D. M., Bentz H., Piez K. A., Seyedin S. M. Antibodies to the N-terminal portion of cartilage-inducing factor A and transforming growth factor beta. Immunohistochemical localization and association with differentiating cells. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 15;261(26):12362–12367. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fava R. A., McClure D. B. Fibronectin-associated transforming growth factor. J Cell Physiol. 1987 May;131(2):184–189. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041310207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Flanders K. C., Roberts A. B., Ling N., Fleurdelys B. E., Sporn M. B. Antibodies to peptide determinants in transforming growth factor beta and their applications. Biochemistry. 1988 Jan 26;27(2):739–746. doi: 10.1021/bi00402a037. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Florini J. R., Roberts A. B., Ewton D. Z., Falen S. L., Flanders K. C., Sporn M. B. Transforming growth factor-beta. A very potent inhibitor of myoblast differentiation, identical to the differentiation inhibitor secreted by Buffalo rat liver cells. J Biol Chem. 1986 Dec 15;261(35):16509–16513. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Heine U., Munoz E. F., Flanders K. C., Ellingsworth L. R., Lam H. Y., Thompson N. L., Roberts A. B., Sporn M. B. Role of transforming growth factor-beta in the development of the mouse embryo. J Cell Biol. 1987 Dec;105(6 Pt 2):2861–2876. doi: 10.1083/jcb.105.6.2861. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Jakowlew S. B., Dillard P. J., Kondaiah P., Sporn M. B., Roberts A. B. Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning of a novel transforming growth factor-beta messenger ribonucleic acid from chick embryo chondrocytes. Mol Endocrinol. 1988 Aug;2(8):747–755. doi: 10.1210/mend-2-8-747. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Jakowlew S. B., Dillard P. J., Sporn M. B., Roberts A. B. Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning of a messenger ribonucleic acid encoding transforming growth factor beta 4 from chicken embryo chondrocytes. Mol Endocrinol. 1988 Dec;2(12):1186–1195. doi: 10.1210/mend-2-12-1186. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lehnert S. A., Akhurst R. J. Embryonic expression pattern of TGF beta type-1 RNA suggests both paracrine and autocrine mechanisms of action. Development. 1988 Oct;104(2):263–273. doi: 10.1242/dev.104.2.263. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Miyazono K., Hellman U., Wernstedt C., Heldin C. H. Latent high molecular weight complex of transforming growth factor beta 1. Purification from human platelets and structural characterization. J Biol Chem. 1988 May 5;263(13):6407–6415. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. O'Shaughnessy J., Deseau V., Amini S., Rosen N., Bolen J. B. Analysis of the c-src gene product structure, abundance, and protein kinase activity in human neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells. Oncogene Res. 1987;2(1):1–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Roberts A. B., Sporn M. B. Transforming growth factor beta. Adv Cancer Res. 1988;51:107–145. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Sandberg M., Vuorio T., Hirvonen H., Alitalo K., Vuorio E. Enhanced expression of TGF-beta and c-fos mRNAs in the growth plates of developing human long bones. Development. 1988 Mar;102(3):461–470. doi: 10.1242/dev.102.3.461. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sporn M. B., Roberts A. B., Wakefield L. M., de Crombrugghe B. Some recent advances in the chemistry and biology of transforming growth factor-beta. J Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;105(3):1039–1045. doi: 10.1083/jcb.105.3.1039. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Tanaka T., Slamon D. J., Cline M. J. Efficient generation of antibodies to oncoproteins by using synthetic peptide antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(10):3400–3404. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.10.3400. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Thompson N. L., Flanders K. C., Smith J. M., Ellingsworth L. R., Roberts A. B., Sporn M. B. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in specific cells and tissues of adult and neonatal mice. J Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;108(2):661–669. doi: 10.1083/jcb.108.2.661. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Wakefield L. M., Smith D. M., Flanders K. C., Sporn M. B. Latent transforming growth factor-beta from human platelets. A high molecular weight complex containing precursor sequences. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jun 5;263(16):7646–7654. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Wilcox J. N., Derynck R. Developmental expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in mouse fetus. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Aug;8(8):3415–3422. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.8.3415. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. ten Dijke P., Hansen P., Iwata K. K., Pieler C., Foulkes J. G. Identification of another member of the transforming growth factor type beta gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(13):4715–4719. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.13.4715. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Cell Biology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES