Skip to main content

Some NLM-NCBI services and products are experiencing heavy traffic, which may affect performance and availability. We apologize for the inconvenience and appreciate your patience. For assistance, please contact our Help Desk at info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1987 Jan;169(1):283–290. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.1.283-290.1987

Escherichia coli dnaK null mutants are inviable at high temperature.

K H Paek, G C Walker
PMCID: PMC211765  PMID: 3025174

Abstract

DnaK, a major Escherichia coli heat shock protein, is homologous to major heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) of Drosophila melanogaster and humans. Null mutations of the dnaK gene, both insertions and a deletion, were constructed in vitro and substituted for dnaK+ in the E. coli genome by homologous recombination in a recB recC sbcB strain. Cells carrying these dnaK null mutations grew slowly at low temperatures (30 and 37 degrees C) and could not form colonies at a high temperature (42 degrees C); furthermore, they also formed long filaments at 42 degrees C. The shift of the mutants to a high temperature evidently resulted in a loss of cell viability rather than simply an inhibition of growth since cells that had been incubated at 42 degrees C for 2 h were no longer capable of forming colonies at 30 degrees C. The introduction of a plasmid carrying the dnaK+ gene into these mutants restored normal cell growth and cell division at 42 degrees C. These null mutants showed a high basal level of synthesis of heat shock proteins except for DnaK, which was completely absent. In addition, the synthesis of heat shock proteins after induction in these dnaK null mutants was prolonged compared with that in a dnaK+ strain. The well-characterized dnaK756 mutation causes similar phenotypes, suggesting that they are caused by a loss rather than an alteration of DnaK function. The filamentation observed when dnaK mutations were incubated at a high temperature was not suppressed by sulA or sulB mutations, which suppress SOS-induced filamentation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Full text

PDF
283

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bardwell J. C., Craig E. A. Major heat shock gene of Drosophila and the Escherichia coli heat-inducible dnaK gene are homologous. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(3):848–852. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.848. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burnette W. N. "Western blotting": electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Anal Biochem. 1981 Apr;112(2):195–203. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Castellazzi M., George J., Buttin G. Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli. I. Further characterization of the thermosensitive mutation tif-1 whose expression mimics the effect of UV irradiation. Mol Gen Genet. 1972;119(2):139–152. doi: 10.1007/BF00269133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chappell T. G., Welch W. J., Schlossman D. M., Palter K. B., Schlesinger M. J., Rothman J. E. Uncoating ATPase is a member of the 70 kilodalton family of stress proteins. Cell. 1986 Apr 11;45(1):3–13. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90532-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Craig E. A., Jacobsen K. Mutations of the heat inducible 70 kilodalton genes of yeast confer temperature sensitive growth. Cell. 1984 Oct;38(3):841–849. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90279-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Craig E. A. The heat shock response. CRC Crit Rev Biochem. 1985;18(3):239–280. doi: 10.3109/10409238509085135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. D'Ari R., Huisman O. Novel mechanism of cell division inhibition associated with the SOS response in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1983 Oct;156(1):243–250. doi: 10.1128/jb.156.1.243-250.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Denhardt D. T. A membrane-filter technique for the detection of complementary DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Jun 13;23(5):641–646. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90447-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DiDomenico B. J., Bugaisky G. E., Lindquist S. The heat shock response is self-regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(3 Pt 2):593–603. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90315-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Elledge S. J., Walker G. C. Proteins required for ultraviolet light and chemical mutagenesis. Identification of the products of the umuC locus of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1983 Feb 25;164(2):175–192. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(83)90074-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Georgopoulos C. P. A new bacterial gene (groPC) which affects lambda DNA replication. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Feb 28;151(1):35–39. doi: 10.1007/BF00446910. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Georgopoulos C., Tilly K., Drahos D., Hendrix R. The B66.0 protein of Escherichia coli is the product of the dnaK+ gene. J Bacteriol. 1982 Mar;149(3):1175–1177. doi: 10.1128/jb.149.3.1175-1177.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gottesman S., Halpern E., Trisler P. Role of sulA and sulB in filamentation by lon mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1981 Oct;148(1):265–273. doi: 10.1128/jb.148.1.265-273.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Huisman O., D'Ari R. An inducible DNA replication-cell division coupling mechanism in E. coli. Nature. 1981 Apr 30;290(5809):797–799. doi: 10.1038/290797a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hunt C., Morimoto R. I. Conserved features of eukaryotic hsp70 genes revealed by comparison with the nucleotide sequence of human hsp70. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6455–6459. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.19.6455. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Krueger J. H., Walker G. C. groEL and dnaK genes of Escherichia coli are induced by UV irradiation and nalidixic acid in an htpR+-dependent fashion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Mar;81(5):1499–1503. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.5.1499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. LeBowitz J. H., Zylicz M., Georgopoulos C., McMacken R. Initiation of DNA replication on single-stranded DNA templates catalyzed by purified replication proteins of bacteriophage lambda and Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(12):3988–3992. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.12.3988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Loomis W. F., Wheeler S., Schmidt J. A. Phosphorylation of the major heat shock protein of Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 May;2(5):484–489. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.5.484. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Neidhardt F. C., VanBogelen R. A., Vaughn V. The genetics and regulation of heat-shock proteins. Annu Rev Genet. 1984;18:295–329. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.18.120184.001455. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. O'Farrell P. H. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. J Biol Chem. 1975 May 25;250(10):4007–4021. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Paek K. H., Walker G. C. Defect in expression of heat-shock proteins at high temperature in xthA mutants. J Bacteriol. 1986 Mar;165(3):763–770. doi: 10.1128/jb.165.3.763-770.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rothstein R. J. One-step gene disruption in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:202–211. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01015-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Saito H., Uchida H. Initiation of the DNA replication of bacteriophage lambda in Escherichia coli K12. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):1–25. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90038-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Tilly K., McKittrick N., Zylicz M., Georgopoulos C. The dnaK protein modulates the heat-shock response of Escherichia coli. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):641–646. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90396-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Tsang V. C., Peralta J. M., Simons A. R. Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques (EITB) for studying the specificities of antigens and antibodies separated by gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol. 1983;92:377–391. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)92032-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Welch W. J., Feramisco J. R. Rapid purification of mammalian 70,000-dalton stress proteins: affinity of the proteins for nucleotides. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;5(6):1229–1237. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.6.1229. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Winans S. C., Elledge S. J., Krueger J. H., Walker G. C. Site-directed insertion and deletion mutagenesis with cloned fragments in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1985 Mar;161(3):1219–1221. doi: 10.1128/jb.161.3.1219-1221.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Zylicz M., Georgopoulos C. Purification and properties of the Escherichia coli dnaK replication protein. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jul 25;259(14):8820–8825. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Zylicz M., LeBowitz J. H., McMacken R., Georgopoulos C. The dnaK protein of Escherichia coli possesses an ATPase and autophosphorylating activity and is essential in an in vitro DNA replication system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Nov;80(21):6431–6435. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.21.6431. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES