Fig. 2.

Modeling the emergence of collaboration networks in creative enterprises. (A) Creation of a team with m = 3 agents. Consider, at time zero, a collaboration network comprising five agents, all incumbents (blue circles). Along with the incumbents, there is a large pool of newcomers (green circles) available to participate in new teams. Each agent in a team has a probability p of being drawn from the pool of incumbents and a probability 1 – p of being drawn from the pool of newcomers. For the second and subsequent agents selected from the incumbents' pool: (i) with probability q, the new agent is randomly selected from among the set of collaborators of a randomly selected incumbent already in the team; (ii) otherwise, he or she is selected at random among all incumbents in the network. For concreteness, let us assume that incumbent 4 is selected as the first agent in the new team (leftmost box). Let us also assume that the second agent is an incumbent, too (center-left box). In this example, the second agent is a past collaborator of agent 4, specifically agent 3 (center-right box). Lastly, the third agent is selected from the pool of newcomers; this agent becomes incumbent 6 (rightmost box). In these boxes and in the following panels and figures, blue lines indicate newcomer-newcomer collaborations, green lines indicate newcomer-incumbent collaborations, yellow lines indicate new incumbent-incumbent collaborations, and red lines indicate repeat collaborations. (B) Time evolution of the network of collaborations according to the model for p = 0.5, q = 0.5, and m = 3.