Skip to main content
The Journal of Hygiene logoLink to The Journal of Hygiene
. 1977 Jun;78(3):363–375. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400056266

The response to inactivated influenza A (H3N2) vaccines: the development and effect of antibodies to the surface antigens.

A F Smith, J R Davies
PMCID: PMC2129882  PMID: 266540

Abstract

A controlled trial of influenza vaccines in a boys' public school from November 1970 to October 1975 provided an opportunity to study the response to vaccine and the effect on subsequent natural challenge in boys with differing natural experience of influenza A strains. The response to influenza A (H3N2) vaccines was assessed by estimating homotypic and heterotypic antibodies to the surface antigens. Previous natural experience of influenza A was found to influence vaccine response and the effect of natural challenge. The antibody response to revaccination with the same strain showed a progressively poorer response to second and third doses. The protectitive effect of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced antibodies was assessed during two outbreaks of influenza A which occurred in the trial period.

Full text

PDF

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. André F. E., Uytterschaut P., Niculescu I. T., Virlan G., Zilisteanu E., Smerdel S., Vodopija I. Placebo-controlled double-blind clinical studies on the efficacy of different influenza vaccines assessed by experimental and natural infection. Postgrad Med J. 1976 Jun;52(608):352–359. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.52.608.352. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Hoskins T. W., Davies J. R., Allchin A., Miller C. L., Pollock T. M. Controlled trial of inactivated influenza vaccine containing the a-Hong Kong strain during an outbreak of influenza due to the a-England-42-72 strain. Lancet. 1973 Jul 21;2(7821):116–120. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)93062-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Hoskins T. W., Davies J. R., Smith A. J., Allchin A., Miller C. L., Pollock T. M. Influenza at Christ's Hospital: March, 1974. Lancet. 1976 Jan 17;1(7951):105–108. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)93151-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Kaye H. S., Dowdle W. R., McQueen J. L. Studies on inactivated influenza vaccines. I. The effect of dosage on antibody response and protection against homotypic and heterotypic influenza virus challenge in mice. Am J Epidemiol. 1969 Aug;90(2):162–169. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121060. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Mackenzie J. S., Mackenzie I., Lloyd J., Dent V. Comparative trials of live attenuated and detergent split influenza virus vaccines. J Hyg (Lond) 1975 Dec;75(3):425–443. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400024499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Mair H. J., Sansome D. A., Tillett H. E. A controlled trial of inactivated monovalent influenza A vaccines in general practice. J Hyg (Lond) 1974 Oct;73(2):317–327. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400024189. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. McLaren C., Potter C. W., Jennings R. Immunity to influenza in ferrets. XI. Cross-immunity between A/Hong Kong/68 and A/England/72 viruses: serum antibodies produced by infection or immunization. J Hyg (Lond) 1974 Dec;73(3):389–399. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400042741. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Miller D. L., Reid D., Daimond J. R., Pereira M. S., Chakraverty P. Hong Kong influenza in the Royal Air Force 1968-70. J Hyg (Lond) 1973 Sep;71(3):535–547. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400046520. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Mostow S. R., Schoenbaum S. C., Dowdle W. R., Coleman M. T., Kaye H. S. Inactivated vaccines. 1. Volunteer studies with very high doses of influenza vaccine purified by zonal ultracentrifugation. Postgrad Med J. 1973 Mar;49(569):152–158. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.49.569.152. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Potter C. W., Jennings R., McLaren C., Edey D., Stuart-Harris C. H., Brady M. A new surface-antigen-adsorbed influenza virus vaccine. II. Studies in a volunteer group. J Hyg (Lond) 1975 Dec;75(3):353–362. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400024414. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Slepushkin A. N., Schild G. C., Beare A. S., Chinn S., Tyrrell D. A. Neuraminidase and resistance to vaccination with live influenza A2 Hong Kong vaccines. J Hyg (Lond) 1971 Dec;69(4):571–578. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400021847. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Smith A. J., Davies J. R. Natural infection with influenza A (H3N2). The development, persistance and effect of antibodies to the surface antigens. J Hyg (Lond) 1976 Oct;77(2):271–282. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400024712. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Smith J. W., Fletcher W. B., Peters M., Westwood M., Perkins F. J. Response to influenza vaccine in adjuvant 65-4. J Hyg (Lond) 1975 Apr;74(2):251–259. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400024323. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Smith J. W., Fletcher W. B., Wherry P. J. Vaccination in the control of influenza. Postgrad Med J. 1976 Jun;52(608):399–404. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.52.608.399. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Stiver H. G., Graves P., Eickhoff T. C., Meiklejohn G. Efficacy of "Hong Kong" vaccine in preventing "England" variant influenza A in 1972. N Engl J Med. 1973 Dec 13;289(24):1267–1271. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197312132892402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Tyrrell D. A. Assessment of vaccine efficacy by challenge studies in man. Postgrad Med J. 1976 Jun;52(608):379–380. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.52.608.379. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Hygiene are provided here courtesy of Cambridge University Press

RESOURCES