Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1990 Sep;172(9):5511–5513. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.9.5511-5513.1990

Efficient incorporation of galactose into lipopolysaccharide by Escherichia coli K-12 strains with polar galE mutations.

C A Schnaitman 1, E A Austin 1
PMCID: PMC213224  PMID: 2168387

Abstract

Efficient incorporation of exogenous galactose into lipopolysaccharide was observed in a strain with a galE::Tn10 insertion and a strain with a deletion of galOPE. No incorporation was observed in a strain with a longer (galETK) deletion, indicating that incorporation into the galE mutants was due to a low level of expression of galTK from internal or fortuitous promoters. These galE mutants provided a convenient and specific way to radiolabel lipopolysaccharide.

Full text

PDF
5511

Images in this article

5512Image
on p.5512
5512Image
on p.5512

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Austin E. A., Graves J. F., Hite L. A., Parker C. T., Schnaitman C. A. Genetic analysis of lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis by Escherichia coli K-12: insertion mutagenesis of the rfa locus. J Bacteriol. 1990 Sep;172(9):5312–5325. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.9.5312-5325.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bochner B. R., Ames B. N. Complete analysis of cellular nucleotides by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. J Biol Chem. 1982 Aug 25;257(16):9759–9769. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Haber R., Adhya S. Interaction of spatially separated protein-DNA complexes for control of gene expression: operator conversions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(24):9683–9687. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.24.9683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hitchcock P. J., Brown T. M. Morphological heterogeneity among Salmonella lipopolysaccharide chemotypes in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. J Bacteriol. 1983 Apr;154(1):269–277. doi: 10.1128/jb.154.1.269-277.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Levy S. B., Leive L. An equilibrium between two fractions of lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Dec;61(4):1435–1439. doi: 10.1073/pnas.61.4.1435. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Mulford C. A., Osborn M. J. An intermediate step in translocation of lipopolysaccharide to the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Mar;80(5):1159–1163. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.5.1159. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. NIKAIDO H. Studies on the biosynthesis of cell wall polysaccharide in mutant strains of Salmonella. II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Sep 15;48:1542–1548. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.9.1542. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. OSBORN M. J., ROSEN S. M., ROTHFIELD L., HORECKER B. L. Biosynthesis of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. I. Enzymatic incorporation of galactose in a mutant strain of Salmonella. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Oct 15;48:1831–1838. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.10.1831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Shapiro J. A., Adhya S. L. The galactose operon of E. coli K-12. II. A deletion analysis of operon structure and polarity. Genetics. 1969 Jun;62(2):249–264. doi: 10.1093/genetics/62.2.249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Singer M., Baker T. A., Schnitzler G., Deischel S. M., Goel M., Dove W., Jaacks K. J., Grossman A. D., Erickson J. W., Gross C. A. A collection of strains containing genetically linked alternating antibiotic resistance elements for genetic mapping of Escherichia coli. Microbiol Rev. 1989 Mar;53(1):1–24. doi: 10.1128/mr.53.1.1-24.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Sturm S., Jann B., Jann K., Fortnagel P., Timmis K. N. Genetic and biochemical analysis of Shigella dysenteriae 1 O antigen polysaccharide biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12: 9 kb plasmid of S. dysenteriae 1 determines addition of a galactose residue to the lipopolysaccharide core. Microb Pathog. 1986 Jun;1(3):299–306. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(86)90055-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sturm S., Timmis K. N. Cloning of the rfb gene region of Shigella dysenteriae 1 and construction of an rfb-rfp gene cassette for the development of lipopolysaccharide-based live anti-dysentery vaccines. Microb Pathog. 1986 Jun;1(3):289–297. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(86)90054-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. White D. A., Lennarz W. J., Schnaitman C. A. Distribution of lipids in the wall and cytoplasmic membrane subfractions of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1972 Feb;109(2):686–690. doi: 10.1128/jb.109.2.686-690.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Wollin R., Creeger E. S., Rothfield L. I., Stocker B. A., Lindberg A. A. Salmonella typhimurium mutants defective in UDP-D-galactose:lipopolysaccharide alpha 1,6-D-galactosyltransferase. Structural, immunochemical, and enzymologic studies of rfaB mutants. J Biol Chem. 1983 Mar 25;258(6):3769–3774. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES