Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Hygiene logoLink to The Journal of Hygiene
. 1982 Aug;89(1):89–100. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400070571

The return of the historic influenza A H1N1 virus and its impact on the population of the United Kingdom.

P Chakraverty, P Cunningham, M S Pereira
PMCID: PMC2134175  PMID: 7097005

Abstract

The epidemiology in the United Kingdom of the influenza A H1N1 subtype which returned in 1977 after an absence of 20 years in described for the four winter seasons from 1977/8 to 1980/1. The age distribution of virus isolates and the evidence for antigenic variation is presented. The impact in the susceptible age groups year by year is shown by the change in the population with specific antibody. There was the expected increase of antibody in those under the age of 21 but also evidence for a significant amount of infection or re-infection in the older adult population.

Full text

PDF
89

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aymard-Henry M., Coleman M. T., Dowdle W. R., Laver W. G., Schild G. C., Webster R. G. Influenzavirus neuraminidase and neuraminidase-inhibition test procedures. Bull World Health Organ. 1973;48(2):199–202. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. CHU C. M., ANDREWES C. H., GLEDHILL A. W. Influenza in 1948-1949. Bull World Health Organ. 1950;3(2):187–214. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Francis T., Salk J. E., Quilligan J. J. Experience with Vaccination Against Influenza in the Spring of 1947: A Preliminary Report. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1947 Aug;37(8):1013–1016. doi: 10.2105/ajph.37.8.1013. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. HATCH L. A. An analysis of 101 strains of influenza A virus isolated in England and Wales during the winter of 1955-56, by laboratories of the Public Health Laboratory Service. Mon Bull Minist Health Public Health Lab Serv. 1957 Jul;16:138–141. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Haaheim L. R. Surveillance of the antibody status to current influenza strains in the Norwegian population. 2: Antibodies to the A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) virus in various age groups after the second epidemic wave. NIPH Ann. 1980 May;3(1):49–56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hoskins T. W. Severity of influenza. Lancet. 1979 Feb 17;1(8112):381–382. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92919-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. ISAACS A., ANDREWES C. H. The spread of influenza; evidence from 1950-1951. Br Med J. 1951 Oct 20;2(4737):921–927. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.4737.921. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. ISAACS A., GLEDHILL A. W., ANDREWES C. H. Influenza A viruses; laboratory studies, with special reference to European outbreak of 1950-1. Bull World Health Organ. 1952;6(3):287–315. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kendal A. P., Lee D. T., Parish H. S., Raines D., Noble G. R., Dowdle W. R. Laboratory-based surveillance of influenza virus in the United States during the winter of 1977--1978. II. Isolation of a mixture of A/Victoria- and A/USSR-like viruses from a single person during an epidemic in Wyoming, USA, January 1978. Am J Epidemiol. 1979 Oct;110(4):462–468. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112827. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Mathur U., Bentley D. W., Hall C. B., Roth F. K., Douglas R. G., Jr Influenza A/Brazil/78(H1N1) infection in the elderly. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1981 Jun;123(6):633–635. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1981.123.6.633. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Nakajima K., Desselberger U., Palese P. Recent human influenza A (H1N1) viruses are closely related genetically to strains isolated in 1950. Nature. 1978 Jul 27;274(5669):334–339. doi: 10.1038/274334a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Nakajima S., Cox N. J., Kendal A. P. Antigenic and genomic analyses of influenza A(H1N1) viruses from different regions of the world, February 1978 to March 1980. Infect Immun. 1981 Apr;32(1):287–294. doi: 10.1128/iai.32.1.287-294.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Pereira M. S., Chakraverty P. Influenza in the United Kingdom 1977-1981. J Hyg (Lond) 1982 Jun;88(3):501–512. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400070352. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Pyhälä R., Aho K., Visakorpi R. Seroepidemiology of H1N1 influenza: striking differences in the attack rate among young people. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B. 1979 Jun;87B(3):161–164. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1979.tb02420.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Schaap G. J., de Jong J. C., van den Berg C., Runsink A. P. Death from influenza A (H1N1) Lancet. 1979 Jan 27;1(8109):208–208. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90600-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schild G. C., Pereira M. S., Chakraverty P. Single-radial-hemolysis: a new method for the assay of antibody to influenza haemagglutinin. Applications for diagnosis and seroepidemiologic surveillance of influenza. Bull World Health Organ. 1975;52(1):43–50. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Scholtissek C., von Hoyningen V., Rott R. Genetic relatedness between the new 1977 epidemic strains (H1N1) of influenza and human influenza strains isolated between 1947 and 1957 (H1N1). Virology. 1978 Sep;89(2):613–617. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90203-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Tillett H. E., Spencer I. L. Influenza surveillance in England and Wales using routine statistics. Development of 'cusum' graphs to compare 12 previous winters and to monitor the 1980/81 winter. J Hyg (Lond) 1982 Feb;88(1):83–94. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400069928. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Yamane N., Arikawa J., Odagiri T., Sukeno N., Ishida N. Isolation of three different influenza A viruses from an individual after probable double infection with H3N2 and H1N1 viruses. Jpn J Med Sci Biol. 1978 Oct-Dec;31(5-6):431–434. doi: 10.7883/yoken1952.31.431. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Young J. F., Palese P. Evolution of human influenza A viruses in nature: recombination contributes to genetic variation of H1N1 strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6547–6551. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6547. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Hygiene are provided here courtesy of Cambridge University Press

RESOURCES