Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1943 Jan 1;77(1):7–20. doi: 10.1084/jem.77.1.7

SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SUIS AND THE SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS ON THE CHICK EMBRYO

Frederik B Bang 1
PMCID: PMC2135289  PMID: 19871266

Abstract

The synergistic effect of Hemophilus influenzae suis and swine influenza virus in the pig can be reproduced by the inoculation of these agents on the chorioallantoic membrane of 9 to 10 day old chick embryos. Two strains of human influenza virus that were studied failed to substitute for the swine virus in the synergistic reaction. No loss of synergistic effect was noted when the swine influenza virus was put through 11 chick embryo passages. Recently isolated and old stock strains of Hemophilus were equally able to enhance the effect of the virus. Heat-killed cultures of H. influenzae suis can be substituted for the bacterial component of the reaction. Infection of the embryo with swine influenza virus predisposes to infection with H. influenzae suis. The combination of H. influenzae suis and swine influenza virus causes a selective destruction of the embryo lungs, not produced by the individual components. This pneumonia exhibits the essential features of the natural disease.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.1 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson K., Snow J. S. Isolation and cultivation of haemophilus ducreyi on the chorioallantois of chick embryos. Am J Pathol. 1940 May;16(3):269–276.1. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Buddingh G. J., Polk A. D. EXPERIMENTAL MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION OF THE CHICK EMBRYO. J Exp Med. 1939 Oct 31;70(5):485–498. doi: 10.1084/jem.70.5.485. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Francis T., Jr A NEW TYPE OF VIRUS FROM EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA. Science. 1940 Nov 1;92(2392):405–408. doi: 10.1126/science.92.2392.405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Francis T., Stuart-Harris C. H. STUDIES ON THE NASAL HISTOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION IN THE FERRET : I. THE DEVELOPMENT AND REPAIR OF THE NASAL LESION. J Exp Med. 1938 Oct 31;68(6):789–802. doi: 10.1084/jem.68.6.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gallavan M. Encephalitis and Meningitis in the Chick Embryo Following Inoculation of the Chorio-Allantoic Membrane with H. Influenzae. Am J Pathol. 1937 Nov;13(6):911–926.5. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gallavan M., Goodpasture E. W. Infection of Chick Embryos with H. Pertussis Reproducing Pulmonary Lesions of Whooping Cough. Am J Pathol. 1937 Nov;13(6):927–938.7. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hirst G. K. ADSORPTION OF INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININS AND VIRUS BY RED BLOOD CELLS. J Exp Med. 1942 Aug 1;76(2):195–209. doi: 10.1084/jem.76.2.195. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lewis P. A., Shope R. E. SWINE INFLUENZA : II. A HEMOPHILIC BACILLUS FROM THE RESPIRATORY TRACT OF INFECTED SWINE. J Exp Med. 1931 Jul 31;54(3):361–371. doi: 10.1084/jem.54.3.361. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Mote J. R., Fothergill L. D. The Effect of Human Strains of Hemophilus influenzae on Influenza Virus Infections of Swine. J Bacteriol. 1940 Oct;40(4):505–516. doi: 10.1128/jb.40.4.505-516.1940. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Nelson J. B. STUDIES ON AN UNCOMPLICATED CORYZA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL : I. THE ISOLATION OF A BACILLUS WHICH PRODUCES A NASAL DISCHARGE. J Exp Med. 1933 Aug 31;58(3):289–295. doi: 10.1084/jem.58.3.289. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Shope R. E., Francis T. THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SWINE TO THE VIRUS OF HUMAN INFLUENZA. J Exp Med. 1936 Oct 31;64(5):791–801. doi: 10.1084/jem.64.5.791. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Shope R. E. SWINE INFLUENZA : I. EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION AND PATHOLOGY. J Exp Med. 1931 Jul 31;54(3):349–359. doi: 10.1084/jem.54.3.349. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Shope R. E. SWINE INFLUENZA : III. FILTRATION EXPERIMENTS AND ETIOLOGY. J Exp Med. 1931 Jul 31;54(3):373–385. doi: 10.1084/jem.54.3.373. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Shope R. E. SWINE INFLUENZA : V. STUDIES ON CONTAGION. J Exp Med. 1934 Jan 31;59(2):201–211. doi: 10.1084/jem.59.2.201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Shope R. E. THE EFFECT OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SUIS VACCINES ON SWINE INFLUENZA. J Exp Med. 1937 Jul 31;66(2):169–175. doi: 10.1084/jem.66.2.169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Shope R. E. THE INFECTION OF FERRETS WITH SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS. J Exp Med. 1934 Jun 30;60(1):49–61. doi: 10.1084/jem.60.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Shope R. E. THE INFECTION OF MICE WITH SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS. J Exp Med. 1935 Sep 30;62(4):561–572. doi: 10.1084/jem.62.4.561. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES