Abstract
Monkeys and mice surviving cerebral infection with yellow fever virus of relatively avirulent strains have been found to resist maximal intracerebral doses of yellow fever virus of a highly neurotropic strain. Such animals, however, do not resist more than very small doses of intracerebrally inoculated virus of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. Animals immunized by extraneural routes, on the other hand, are not uniformly resistant to neural infection with neurotropic yellow fever virus. Monkeys which have undergone systemic infection with virus of the avirulent 17D strain or of several jungle strains resist only small intracerebral doses of neurotropic virus; while mice, even when possessed of very high serum-antibody levels as the result of intraperitoneal hyperimmunization, manifest only an irregular resistance to intracerebral challenge inocula. The difference in the resistance of neurally and extraneurally immunized animals is not related to similar differences in the levels of protective antibody in the sera. Indeed, the average of the serum-antibody titers of the hyperimmune mice is several times that of the intracerebral immunes. A possibly significant relation does exist, however, between the resistance of mice to neural infection and the content of protective antibody in the brain. The protective activity of suspensions of brains from mice surviving cerebral infection was found to be several times that of brain suspensions from the hyperimmunized animals. It is concluded that the superior resistance to neural infection of animals whose immunity results from a previous non-fatal infection of the nervous system is effected by a specific local mechanism which is based at least in part upon an increased concentration of antibody in the cerebral tissue.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.0 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Cannon P. R., Pacheco G. A. Studies in Tissue-Immunity: Cellular Reactions of the Skin of the Guinea Pig as Influenced by Local Active Immunization. Am J Pathol. 1930 Nov;6(6):749–766.5. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flexner S. REINFECTION (SECOND ATTACK) IN EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS. J Exp Med. 1937 Mar 31;65(4):497–513. doi: 10.1084/jem.65.4.497. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fox J. P. NON-FATAL INFECTION OF MICE FOLLOWING INTRACEREBRAL INOCULATION OF YELLOW FEVER VIRUS. J Exp Med. 1943 Jun 1;77(6):507–520. doi: 10.1084/jem.77.6.507. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Freund J. ACCUMULATION OF ANTIBODIES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. J Exp Med. 1930 May 31;51(6):889–902. doi: 10.1084/jem.51.6.889. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howe H. A., Bodian D. SECOND ATTACKS OF POLIOMYELITIS : AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. J Exp Med. 1941 Jul 31;74(2):145–166. doi: 10.1084/jem.74.2.145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morgan I. M., Schlesinger R. W., Olitsky P. K. INDUCED RESISTANCE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS : I. NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN RELATION TO CEREBRAL RESISTANCE. J Exp Med. 1942 Oct 1;76(4):357–369. doi: 10.1084/jem.76.4.357. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sawyer W. A., Lloyd W. THE USE OF MICE IN TESTS OF IMMUNITY AGAINST YELLOW FEVER. J Exp Med. 1931 Sep 30;54(4):533–555. doi: 10.1084/jem.54.4.533. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sellards A. W. The Behavior of the Virus of Yellow Fever in Monkeys and Mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1931 Jun;17(6):339–343. doi: 10.1073/pnas.17.6.339. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stuart-Harris C. H., Francis T. STUDIES ON THE NASAL HISTOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION IN THE FERRET : II. THE RESISTANCE OF REGENERATING RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM TO REINFECTION AND TO PHYSICOCHEMICAL INJURY. J Exp Med. 1938 Oct 31;68(6):803–812. doi: 10.1084/jem.68.6.803. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Theiler M., Gard S. ENCEPHALOMYELITIS OF MICE : I. CHARACTERISTICS AND PATHOGENESIS OF THE VIRUS. J Exp Med. 1940 Jun 30;72(1):49–67. doi: 10.1084/jem.72.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Theiler M., Smith H. H. THE EFFECT OF PROLONGED CULTIVATION IN VITRO UPON THE PATHOGENICITY OF YELLOW FEVER VIRUS. J Exp Med. 1937 May 31;65(6):767–786. doi: 10.1084/jem.65.6.767. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Theiler M., Smith H. H. THE USE OF YELLOW FEVER VIRUS MODIFIED BY IN VITRO CULTIVATION FOR HUMAN IMMUNIZATION. J Exp Med. 1937 May 31;65(6):787–800. doi: 10.1084/jem.65.6.787. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Webster L. T., Clow A. D. PROPAGATION OF RABIES VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE AND THE SUCCESSFUL USE OF CULTURE VIRUS AS AN ANTIRABIC VACCINE. Science. 1936 Nov 27;84(2187):487–488. doi: 10.1126/science.84.2187.487. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]