Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1986 Nov;168(2):931–935. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.2.931-935.1986

Escherichia coli DnaK protein possesses a 5'-nucleotidase activity that is inhibited by AppppA.

B R Bochner, M Zylicz, C Georgopoulos
PMCID: PMC213573  PMID: 3023290

Abstract

AppppA and the DnaK protein have both been hypothesized to function in regulating the heat shock response of Escherichia coli. The proposals are that AppppA serves as a signal (alarmone) to turn on the heat shock response, whereas the DnaK protein is necessary to turn off the heat shock response. A simple model would be that the DnaK protein turns off the response by degrading AppppA. We disproved this model by demonstrating that the DnaK protein possesses a 5'-nucleotidase activity capable of degrading many cellular nucleotides but not AppppA. Although AppppA was not a substrate, it did inhibit the 5'-nucleotidase activity of the DnaK protein. This inhibition may be specific and have biological function since the mutant DnaK756 protein, which is defective in turning off the heat shock response, is partially desensitized to AppppA inhibition. These findings led us to consider other possible mechanisms for AppppA and the DnaK protein in heat shock regulation.

Full text

PDF
931

Images in this article

933Image
on p.933
934Image
on p.934
934Image
on p.934

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bardwell J. C., Craig E. A. Major heat shock gene of Drosophila and the Escherichia coli heat-inducible dnaK gene are homologous. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(3):848–852. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.848. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bochner B. R., Ames B. N. Complete analysis of cellular nucleotides by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. J Biol Chem. 1982 Aug 25;257(16):9759–9769. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bochner B. R., Lee P. C., Wilson S. W., Cutler C. W., Ames B. N. AppppA and related adenylylated nucleotides are synthesized as a consequence of oxidation stress. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):225–232. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90318-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Christman M. F., Morgan R. W., Jacobson F. S., Ames B. N. Positive control of a regulon for defenses against oxidative stress and some heat-shock proteins in Salmonella typhimurium. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):753–762. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80056-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cowing D. W., Bardwell J. C., Craig E. A., Woolford C., Hendrix R. W., Gross C. A. Consensus sequence for Escherichia coli heat shock gene promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(9):2679–2683. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.9.2679. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DiDomenico B. J., Bugaisky G. E., Lindquist S. The heat shock response is self-regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(3 Pt 2):593–603. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90315-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Friedman D. I., Olson E. R., Georgopoulos C., Tilly K., Herskowitz I., Banuett F. Interactions of bacteriophage and host macromolecules in the growth of bacteriophage lambda. Microbiol Rev. 1984 Dec;48(4):299–325. doi: 10.1128/mr.48.4.299-325.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Georgopoulos C. P. A new bacterial gene (groPC) which affects lambda DNA replication. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Feb 28;151(1):35–39. doi: 10.1007/BF00446910. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Grossman A. D., Erickson J. W., Gross C. A. The htpR gene product of E. coli is a sigma factor for heat-shock promoters. Cell. 1984 Sep;38(2):383–390. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90493-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Guranowski A., Jakubowski H., Holler E. Catabolism of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate in procaryotes. Purification and properties of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (symmetrical) pyrophosphohydrolase from Escherichia coli K12. J Biol Chem. 1983 Dec 25;258(24):14784–14789. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kelley P. M., Schlesinger M. J. Antibodies to two major chicken heat shock proteins cross-react with similar proteins in widely divergent species. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Mar;2(3):267–274. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.3.267. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. LeBowitz J. H., Zylicz M., Georgopoulos C., McMacken R. Initiation of DNA replication on single-stranded DNA templates catalyzed by purified replication proteins of bacteriophage lambda and Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(12):3988–3992. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.12.3988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lee P. C., Bochner B. R., Ames B. N. AppppA, heat-shock stress, and cell oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Dec;80(24):7496–7500. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.24.7496. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lee P. C., Bochner B. R., Ames B. N. Diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate and related adenylylated nucleotides in Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jun 10;258(11):6827–6834. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Tilly K., McKittrick N., Zylicz M., Georgopoulos C. The dnaK protein modulates the heat-shock response of Escherichia coli. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):641–646. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90396-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Zamecnik P. Diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A): its role in cellular metabolism. Anal Biochem. 1983 Oct 1;134(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90255-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Zylicz M., Georgopoulos C. Purification and properties of the Escherichia coli dnaK replication protein. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jul 25;259(14):8820–8825. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Zylicz M., LeBowitz J. H., McMacken R., Georgopoulos C. The dnaK protein of Escherichia coli possesses an ATPase and autophosphorylating activity and is essential in an in vitro DNA replication system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Nov;80(21):6431–6435. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.21.6431. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES