Abstract
Two new types of Hemophilus influenzae, Sab and Sad have been produced in vitro. Each exhibits the presence of the type specific polysaccharides of 2 types of E. influenzae within the same cell. In Sab the polysaccharides of types a and b have been demonstrated and in Sad those which characterize types a and d. The Sab and Sad traits are inherited. Sab was produced by the action of DNA-containing extract isolated from type a on either type b cells or Rb cells (non-encapsulated non-type-specific cells derived from type b). Sad cells were formed as a result of the action of the DNA-containing extract isolated from type d on cells intermediate between Rab and Sab cells. DNA-containing extracts isolated from Sab cells have induced the Sab trait in Rd cells with predictable regularity. Evidence has been presented that the hereditary determinant of Sab cells is a new genetic substance with new functions. Therefore, the interaction of the DNA-containing substance from cells of one genetic type with living cells of a genetically different type has produced what appears to be a new individual which differs from each of the cells contributing the differing genetic traits but has at least one trait in common with each. Sab cells derived presumably from a single cell show the appearance of type b cells sometime during the first 7 generations.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (912.4 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ALEXANDER H. E., LEIDY G. Determination of inherited traits of H. influenzae by desoxyribonucleic acid fractions isolated from type-specific cells. J Exp Med. 1951 Apr 1;93(4):345–359. doi: 10.1084/jem.93.4.345. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ALEXANDER H. E., LEIDY G. Induction of heritable new type in type specific strains of H. influenzae. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1951 Nov;78(2):625–626. doi: 10.3181/00379727-78-19161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ALEXANDER H. E., LEIDY G. Induction of streptomycin resistance in sensitive Hemophilus influenzae by extracts containing desoxyribonucleic acid from resistant Hemophilus influenzae. J Exp Med. 1953 Jan;97(1):17–31. doi: 10.1084/jem.97.1.17. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEDERBERG J., LEDERBERG E. M., ZINDER N. D., LIVELY E. R. Recombination analysis of bacterial heredity. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1951;16:413–443. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1951.016.01.030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZAMENHOF S., LEIDY G., ALEXANDER H. E., FITZGERALD P. L., CHARGAFF E. Purification of the desoxypentose nucleic acid of Hemophilus influenzae having transforming activity. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1952 Sep;40(1):50–55. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(52)90072-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZELLE M. R., LEDERBERG J. Single-cell isolations of diploid heterozygous Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1951 Mar;61(3):351–355. doi: 10.1128/jb.61.3.351-355.1951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]