Abstract
Suspensions of group A streptococci were subjected to mechanical disruption by shaking with glass beads. The supernatant solutions produced severe delayed inflammatory reactions on intradermal injection into normal rabbits. Intravenous injections caused systemic reactions characterized by fever, leucopenia, and peripheral vasomotor phenomena. These effects were more pronounced in rabbits which had previously been infected with group A streptococci. The local and generalized Shwartzman phenomena were reproduced with these crude streptococcal lysates, and the data suggest that streptococci possess an endotoxin similar to those of Gram-negative bacterial species.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (967.3 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- BENNETT I. L., Jr, BEESON P. B. The properties and biologic effects of bacterial pyrogens. Medicine (Baltimore) 1950 Dec;29(4):365–400. doi: 10.1097/00005792-195012000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beeson P. B., Technical Assistance of Elizabeth Roberts TOLERANCE TO BACTERIAL PYROGENS : II. ROLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM. J Exp Med. 1947 Jun 30;86(1):39–44. doi: 10.1084/jem.86.1.39. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CONDIE R. M., ZAK S. J., GOOD R. A. Effect of meningococcal endotoxin on the immune response. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1955 Nov;90(2):355–360. doi: 10.3181/00379727-90-22032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duval C. W., Hibbard R. J. EXPERIMENTAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS INDUCED IN RABBITS WITH THE ENDOTOXIC PRINCIPLE OF STREPTOCOCCUS SCARLATINAE. J Exp Med. 1926 Sep 30;44(4):567–580. doi: 10.1084/jem.44.4.567. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GLYNN L. E., HOLBOROW E. J. Conversion of tissue polysaccharides to auto-antigens by group-A beta-haemolytic streptococci. Lancet. 1952 Sep 6;2(6732):449–451. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(52)90242-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GLYNN L. E., HOLBOROW E. J. The production of complete antigens from polysaccharide haptenes by streptococci and other organisms. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1952 Oct;64(4):775–783. doi: 10.1002/path.1700640411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JOHNSON A. G., GAINES S., LANDY M. Studies on the O antigen of Salmonella typhosa. V. Enhancement of antibody response to protein antigens by the purified lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med. 1956 Feb 1;103(2):225–246. doi: 10.1084/jem.103.2.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHWAB J. H., WATSON D. W., CROMARTIE W. J. Production of generalized Shwartzman reaction with group A streptococcal factors. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1953 Apr;82(4):754–761. doi: 10.3181/00379727-82-20237. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SMITH R. T., THOMAS L., GOOD R. A. Generalized Shwartzman reaction. V. Intravenous injection of collidal iron or carbon on response of rabbits to meningococcal toxin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1953 Apr;82(4):712–715. doi: 10.3181/00379727-82-20226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THOMAS L., DENNY F. W., Jr, FLOYD J. Studies on the generalized Shwartzman reaction. III. Lesions of the myocardium and coronary arteries accompanying the reaction in rabbits prepared by infection with group A streptococci. J Exp Med. 1953 May;97(5):751–766. doi: 10.1084/jem.97.5.751. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THOMAS L., GOOD R. A. The effect of cortisone on the Shwartzman reaction; the production of lesions resembling the dermal and generalized Shwartzman reactions by a single injection of bacterial toxin in cortisone-treated rabbits. J Exp Med. 1952 Apr;95(4):409–428. doi: 10.1084/jem.95.4.409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THOMAS L., SMITH R. T., VON KORFF R. Cold-precipitation by heparin of a protein in rabbit and human plasma. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1954 Aug-Sep;86(4):813–818. doi: 10.3181/00379727-86-21241. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THOMAS L., SMITH R. T., VON KORFF R. Studies on the generalized Shwartzman reaction. VII. The role of fibrinogen in the deposition of fibrinoid after combined injections of endotoxin and synthetic acidic polymer. J Exp Med. 1955 Sep 1;102(3):263–278. doi: 10.1084/jem.102.3.263. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THOMAS L. The physiological disturbances produced by endotoxins. Annu Rev Physiol. 1954;16:467–490. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.16.030154.002343. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]