Abstract
The inactivation of purified plasmin by serum or plasma was studied using a caseinolytic assay for determination of plasmin. On the basis of kinetic evidence, the presence of two inhibitors in normal human or guinea pig serum or plasma is suggested. The first reacts immediately at any temperature, but is easily dissociable and does not combine with plasmin in a fixed ratio. The second combines more slowly with plasmin at a rate which depends on temperature and on the concentration of both plasmin and inhibitor. There is a fixed ratio of reaction between plasmin and the second inhibitor and the combination does not readily dissociate. There is sufficient of the "slow" inhibitor in normal plasma to inactivate more than 30 times its own content of potential plasmin. The presence of suitable substrate for plasmin tends to reverse the combination with "immediate" inhibitor and to stop the further action of "slow" inhibitor.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (813.1 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- CELANDER D. R., GUEST M. M. Factors influencing susceptibility of fibrin and fibrinogen to proteolysis by fibrinolysin. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1957 Nov;72(1):176–188. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(57)90184-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHRISTENSEN L. R. The action of proteolytic enzymes on casein proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1954 Nov;53(1):128–137. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(54)90240-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CLIFFTON E. E., CANNAMELA D. Fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity of a human plasminogen, prepared from fraction III of human plasma. J Appl Physiol. 1953 Jul;6(1):42–50. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1953.6.1.42. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GROB D. Proteolytic enzymes; further studies on protein, polypeptide, and other inhibitors of serum proteinase, leucoproteinase, trypsin, and papain. J Gen Physiol. 1949 Nov;33(2):103–124. doi: 10.1085/jgp.33.2.103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guest M. M., Daly B. M., Ware A. G., Seegers W. H. A STUDY OF ANTIFIBRINOLYSIN ACTIVITY IN THE PLASMAS OF VARIOUS ANIMAL SPECIES. J Clin Invest. 1948 Nov;27(6):785–792. doi: 10.1172/JCI102029. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KLINE D. L. The purification and crystallization of plasminogen (profibrinolysin). J Biol Chem. 1953 Oct;204(2):949–955. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MEYERS W. M., BURDON K. L. Proteolytic activity of whole human serum activated by streptokinase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1956 May;62(1):6–15. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(56)90082-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NORMAN P. S. Effect of urea and methylamine on plasmin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1957 Dec;96(3):709–711. doi: 10.3181/00379727-96-23584. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NORMAN P. S. Studies of the plasmin system. I. Measurement of human and animal plasminogen; measurement of an activator in human serum. J Exp Med. 1957 Sep 1;106(3):423–437. doi: 10.1084/jem.106.3.423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RATNOFF O. D., LEPOW I. H., PILLEMER L. The multiplicity of plasmin inhibitors in human serum, demonstrated by the effect of primary amino compounds. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1954 Apr;94(4):169–179. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RATNOFF O. D. Studies on a proteolytic enzyme in human plasma; some factors controlling the rate of fibrinolysis. J Exp Med. 1948 Oct 1;88(4):401–416. doi: 10.1084/jem.88.4.401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SHULMAN N. R. A proteolytic inhibitor with anticoagulant activity separated from human urine and plasma. J Biol Chem. 1955 Apr;213(2):655–671. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SHULMAN N. R. Studies on the inhibition of proteolytic enzymes by serum. I. The mechanism of the inhibition of trypsin, plasmin, and chymotrypsin by serum using fibrin tagged with I131 as a substrate. J Exp Med. 1952 Jun;95(6):571–591. doi: 10.1084/jem.95.6.571. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THOMAS D. P. P., DINGLE J. T. Serum antiplasmin and plasmin in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1955 Jun;14(2):195–197. doi: 10.1136/ard.14.2.195. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- UNGAR G., ADLER B. A serum peptidase and its possible role in protease inhibition. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1956 Feb;91(2):231–234. doi: 10.3181/00379727-91-22222. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- UNGAR G., DAMGAARD E. Studies on the fibrinolysin-antifibrinolysin system in serum. I. Action of the anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, and spleen. J Exp Med. 1951 Jan;93(1):89–97. doi: 10.1084/jem.93.1.89. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]