Abstract
Inhibitors present in normal human and animal sera prevented hemagglutination by and neutralized infectivity of inhibitor-sensitive influenza A2 virus. Starch zone electrophoresis of sera indicated that the same serum components possess both hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing activities. The greatest amount of inhibitory activity was found in normal horse serum, and the inhibitory activity increased with heating or treatment with concentrated solutions of urea. The inhibitory activities on human, ferret, and rabbit sera were markedly reduced but not completely eliminated by V. cholerae filtrate and purified neuraminidase. The inhibitory activity of horse serum was only moderately reduced by these agents. The nature of the horse serum inhibitor and the differences in the interactions of inhibitor-sensitive and insensitive influenza A2 virus particles and pre-1957 influenza viruses with receptors have been discussed.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.2 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- CHOPPIN P. W., OSTERHOUT S., TAMM I. Immunological characteristics of N.Y. strains of influenza A virus from the 1957 pandemic. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1958 Jul;98(3):513–520. doi: 10.3181/00379727-98-24092. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHOPPIN P. W., TAMM I. Two kinds of particles with contrasting properties in influenza A virus strains from the 1957 pandemic. Virology. 1959 Aug;8:539–542. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(59)90059-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Choppin P. W., Tamm I. STUDIES OF TWO KINDS OF VIRUS PARTICLES WHICH COMPRISE INFLUENZA A2 VIRUS STRAINS : I. CHARACTERIZATION OF STABLE HOMOGENEOUS SUBSTRAINS IN REACTIONS WITH SPECIFIC ANTIBODY, MUCOPROTEIN INHIBITORS, AND ERYTHROCYTES. J Exp Med. 1960 Oct 31;112(5):895–920. doi: 10.1084/jem.112.5.895. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRANOFF A., HIRST G. K. Experimental production of combination forms of virus. IV. Mixed influenza A-Newcastle disease virus infections. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1954 May;86(1):84–88. doi: 10.3181/00379727-86-21016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HARBOE A., REENAAS R., OPPEDAL M. Studies on Francis inhibitor of influenza virus haemagglutination in rabbit serum fractions obtained by electrophoresis on starch-grain. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1958;44(1):92–105. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1958.tb01058.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JENSEN K. E., DUNN F. L., ROBINSON R. Q. Influenza, 1957: a variant and the pandemic. Prog Med Virol. 1958;1:165–209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JENSEN K. E., MINUSE E., FRANCIS T., Jr Serologic comparisons with lines of influenza virus isolated and serially transferred in different experimental hosts. J Immunol. 1957 May;78(5):356–364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JENSEN K. E. New set of type A influenza viruses. J Am Med Assoc. 1957 Aug 31;164(18):2025–2029. doi: 10.1001/jama.1957.02980180027007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KUNKEL H. G., TISELIUS A. Electrophoresis of proteins on filter paper. J Gen Physiol. 1951 Sep;35(1):89–118. doi: 10.1085/jgp.35.1.89. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KUNKEL H. G. Zone electrophoresis. Methods Biochem Anal. 1954;1:141–170. doi: 10.1002/9780470110171.ch6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHRAMM G., MOHR E. Purification of neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae. Nature. 1959 Jun 13;183(4676):1677–1678. doi: 10.1038/1831677a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SMITH W., WESTWOOD J. C. N., BELYAVIN G. Influenza; a study of four virus strains isolated in 1951. Lancet. 1951 Dec 29;2(6696):1189–1193. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(51)93200-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VOLAKOVA N., JANDASEK L. A thermostable inhibitor of newly isolated influenza virus strains in guinea pig serum; preliminary report. Acta Virol. 1959 Apr;3(2):109–112. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZHDANOV V. M., HAMBURG V. P., SVETMOLDAVSKY G. J. Antigenicity of the inhibitor of influenza virus strain A/Asia/57. J Immunol. 1959 Jan;82(1):9–11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]