Abstract
The cellular localization of allotypes in rabbit lymphoid tissues has been studied by immunofluorescence. In heterozygous animals the double staining for two allotypes controlled by allelic genes (A1 and A2; A4 and A5; A4 and A6) has shown the existence of two populations of plasma cells, one containing one allotype and the other the alternative one. The localization in different cells of immunoglobulins marked by allelic allotypic specificities has been confirmed by microspectrography of single cells. An exception to this rule was given by the presence in the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles of apparently uniform mixtures of products of the two allelic genes. Double staining for two allotypes controlled by genes at different loci showed, instead, the presence of many cells containing both allotypes; the number of these cells was highest in doubly homozygotes, in the other it was consistent with random association of non-allelic specificities. In addition double staining for one allotype and gamma G globulins in the lymphoid tissues of rabbits homozygous at the a or at the b locus, has shown the presence of cells containing immunoglobulins that lack one allotype.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (3.5 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- BERNIER G. M., CEBRA J. J. POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS OF HUMAN GAMMA-GLOBULIN: CELLULAR LOCALIZATION BY FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY. Science. 1964 Jun 26;144(3626):1590–1591. doi: 10.1126/science.144.3626.1590. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BORNSTEIN P., OUDIN J. A STUDY OF RABBIT GAMMA-GLOBULIN ALLOTYPY BY MEANS OF HETEROIMMUNIZATIONS. J Exp Med. 1964 Oct 1;120:655–676. doi: 10.1084/jem.120.4.655. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COLBERG J. E., DRAY S. LOCALIZATION BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE OF GAMMA-GLOBULIN ALLOTYPES IN LYMPH NODE CELLS OF HOMOZYGOUS AND HETEROZYGOUS RABBITS. Immunology. 1964 May;7:273–290. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COONS A. H. Fluorescent antibody methods. Gen Cytochem Methods. 1958;1:399–422. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COONS A. H., KAPLAN M. H. Localization of antigen in tissue cells; improvements in a method for the detection of antigen by means of fluorescent antibody. J Exp Med. 1950 Jan 1;91(1):1–13. doi: 10.1084/jem.91.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COONS A. H., LEDUC E. H., CONNOLLY J. M. Studies on antibody production. I. A method for the histochemical demonstration of specific antibody and its application to a study of the hyperimmune rabbit. J Exp Med. 1955 Jul 1;102(1):49–60. doi: 10.1084/jem.102.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DRAY S., DUBISKI S., KELUS A., LENNOX E. S., OUDIN J. A notation for allotypy. Nature. 1962 Aug 25;195:785–786. doi: 10.1038/195785a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DRAY S. Effect of maternal isoantibodies on the quantitative expression of two allelic genes controlling gamma-globulin allotypic specificities. Nature. 1962 Aug 18;195:677–680. doi: 10.1038/195677a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDELMAN G. M., GALLY J. A. A MODEL FOR THE 7S ANTIBODY MOLECULE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 May;51:846–853. doi: 10.1073/pnas.51.5.846. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FEINSTEIN A., GELL P. G., KELUS A. S. IMMUNOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF RABBIT GAMMA-G.OBULIN ALLOTYPES. Nature. 1963 Nov 16;200:653–654. doi: 10.1038/200653a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FLEISCHMAN J. B., PAIN R. H., PORTER R. R. Reduction of gamma-globulins. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1962 Sep;Suppl 1:174–180. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GILMAN A. M., NISONOFF A., DRAY S. SYMMETRICAL DISTRIBUTION OF GENETIC MARKERS IN INDIVIDUAL RABBIT GAMMA-GLOBULIN MOLECULES. Immunochemistry. 1964 Jun;1:109–120. doi: 10.1016/0019-2791(64)90075-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAMASHIMA Y., HARTER J. G., COONS A. H. THE LOCALIZATION OF ALBUMIN AND FIBRINOGEN IN HUMAN LIVER CELLS. J Cell Biol. 1964 Feb;20:271–279. doi: 10.1083/jcb.20.2.271. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HARBOE M., OSTERLAND C. K., MANNIK M., KUNKEL H. G. Genetic characters of human gamma-globulins in myeloma proteins. J Exp Med. 1962 Nov 1;116:719–738. doi: 10.1084/jem.116.5.719. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KUNKEL H. G., ALLEN J. C., GREY H. M., MARTENSSON L., GRUBB R. A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE H CHAIN GROUPS OF 7S GAMMA-GLOBULIN AND THE GM SYSTEM. Nature. 1964 Jul 25;203:413–414. doi: 10.1038/203413a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LESKOWITZ S. Immunochemical study of rabbit gamma-globulin allotypes. J Immunol. 1963 Jan;90:98–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOESER C. N., WEST S. S. Cytochemical studies and quantitative television fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1962 Jun 5;97:346–357. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb34648.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MELLORS R. C., KORNGOLD L. THE CELLULAR ORIGIN OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULINS (GAMMA-2, GAMMA-1M, GAMMA-1A). J Exp Med. 1963 Sep 1;118:387–396. doi: 10.1084/jem.118.3.387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MILLER J. J., 3rd, NOSSAL G. J. ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY. VI. THE PHAGOCYTIC RETICULUM OF LYMPH NODE FOLLICLES. J Exp Med. 1964 Dec 1;120:1075–1086. doi: 10.1084/jem.120.6.1075. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NOELKEN M. E., NELSON C. A., BUCKLEY C. E., 3rd, TANFORD C. GROSS CONFORMATION OF RABBIT 7 S GAMMA-IMMUNOGLOBULIN AND ITS PAPAIN-CLEAVED FRAGMENTS. J Biol Chem. 1965 Jan;240:218–224. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ORTEGA L. G., MELLORS R. C. Cellular sites of formation of gamma globulin. J Exp Med. 1957 Nov 1;106(5):627–640. doi: 10.1084/jem.106.5.627. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- OUDIN J. Allotypy of rabbit serum proteins. I. Immuno-chemical analysis leading to the individualization of seven main allotypes. J Exp Med. 1960 Jul 1;112:107–124. doi: 10.1084/jem.112.1.107. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PERNIS B., CHIAPPINO G. IDENTIFICATION IN HUMAN LYMPHOID TISSUES OF CELLS THAT PRODUCE GROUP 1 OR GROUP 2 GAMMA-GLOBULINS. Immunology. 1964 Sep;7:500–506. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- POTTER M., DREYER W. J., KUFF E. L., MCINTIRE K. R. HERITABLE VARIATION IN BENCE JONES PROTEIN STRUCTURE IN AN INBRED STRAIN OF MICE. J Mol Biol. 1964 Jun;8:814–822. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(64)80162-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- POTTER M., KUFF E. L. DISORDERS IN THE DIFFERENTIATON OF PROTEIN SECRETION IN NEOPLASTIC PLASMA CELLS. J Mol Biol. 1964 Aug;9:537–544. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(64)80225-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REISNER C. A., FRANKLIN E. C. Studies of mercaptoethanol-dissociated normal human 19 S gamma-globulin and pathologic macroglobulins from patients with macroglobulinemia. J Immunol. 1961 Dec;87:654–664. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RIEDER R. F., OUDIN J. STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF ALLOTYPIC SPECIFICITIES TO ANTIBODY SPECIFICITIES IN THE RABBIT. J Exp Med. 1963 Oct 1;118:627–633. doi: 10.1084/jem.118.4.627. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Szilard L. THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF ANTIBODY FORMATION. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1960 Mar;46(3):293–302. doi: 10.1073/pnas.46.3.293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]