Abstract
Two series of experiments were performed, utilizing a modification of the hemolysin plaque technique which registers 19S antibody, in an attempt to determine the frequency of cells capable of simultaneously producing antibody to two non-cross-reacting antigens. Mice were immunized i.v. with rabbit and camel RBC and their spleens assayed for cells producing antibody against both antigens. 16,904 cells producing antibody of one or the other specificity, from 26 mice, were counted. Not one cell was detected which produced antibody of two specificities. Rabbits were immunized intradermally with HSA to which polyalanyl and p-azobenzenearsonate groups were chemically attached. The individual haptens, polyalanyl, and p-azobenzenearsonate groups were coupled to separate aliquots of SRBC, and the lymph nodes of immunized rabbits were assayed for cells releasing antibody against both haptens. In a study of 11 rabbits, after counting 27,845 cells producing antibody, we detected no "double" plaques.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (674.7 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ANFINSEN C. B., SELA M., COOKE J. P. The reversible reduction of disulfide bonds in polyalanyl ribonuclease. J Biol Chem. 1962 Jun;237:1825–1831. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ATTARDI G., COHN M., HORIBATA K., LENNOX E. S. ANTIBODY FORMATION BY RABBIT LYMPH NODE CELLS. I. SINGLE CELL RESPONSES TO SEVERAL ANTIGENS. J Immunol. 1964 Mar;92:335–345. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen S., Milstein C. Structure of antibody molecules. Nature. 1967 Apr 29;214(5087):449–passim. doi: 10.1038/214449a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cunningham A. J. A method of increased sensitivity for detecting single antibody-forming cells. Nature. 1965 Sep 4;207(5001):1106–1107. doi: 10.1038/2071106a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dreyer W. J., Bennett J. C. The molecular basis of antibody formation: a paradox. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965 Sep;54(3):864–869. doi: 10.1073/pnas.54.3.864. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Edelman G. M., Gally J. A. Somatic recombination of duplicated genes: an hypothesis on the origin of antibody diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Feb;57(2):353–358. doi: 10.1073/pnas.57.2.353. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FRIEDMAN H. DISTRIBUTION OF ANTIBODY PLAQUE FORMING CELLS IN VARIOUS TISSUES OF SEVERAL STRAINS OF MICE INJECTED WITH SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1964 Nov;117:526–530. doi: 10.3181/00379727-117-29628. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Friedman H. Monospecific antibody plaque formation by spleen cells from mice immunized with sheep and chicken erythrocytes. Experientia. 1964 Oct 15;20(10):564–565. doi: 10.1007/BF02150293. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Green I., Vassalli P., Nussenzweig V., Benacerraf B. Specificity of the antibodies produced by single cells following immunization with antigens bearing two types of antigenic determinants. J Exp Med. 1967 Mar 1;125(3):511–526. doi: 10.1084/jem.125.3.511. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAUROWITZ F. ANTIBODY FORMATION AND THE CODING PROBLEM. Nature. 1965 Feb 27;205:847–851. doi: 10.1038/205847a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiramoto R. N., Hamlin M. Detection of two antibodies in single plasma cells by the paired fluorescence technique. J Immunol. 1965 Aug;95(2):214–224. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- INGRAHAM J. S. [Specific, complement-dependent hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes by antiserum to azo hapten groups]. J Infect Dis. 1952 Nov-Dec;91(3):268–275. doi: 10.1093/infdis/91.3.268. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEDERBERG J. Genes and antibodies. Science. 1959 Jun 19;129(3364):1649–1653. doi: 10.1126/science.129.3364.1649. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rimon A., Sela M. Chemical modification of human erythrocytes by attachment of tyrosine and alanine peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966 Aug 24;124(2):408–410. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(66)90208-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwartzman J. S. Effect of the number of antigens on the quantity of cells producing several kinds of antibody. Nature. 1967 Mar 4;213(5079):925–926. doi: 10.1038/213925a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smithies O. Antibody variability. Somatic recombination between the elements of "antibody gene pairs" may explain antibody variability. Science. 1967 Jul 21;157(3786):267–273. doi: 10.1126/science.157.3786.267. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Szilard L. THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF ANTIBODY FORMATION. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1960 Mar;46(3):293–302. doi: 10.1073/pnas.46.3.293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TABACHNICK M., SOBOTKA H. Azoproteins. I. Spectrophotometric studies of amino acid azo derivatives. J Biol Chem. 1959 Jul;234(7):1726–1730. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TABACHNICK M., SOBOTKA H. Azoproteins. II. A spectrophotometric study of the coupling of diazotized arsanilic acid with proteins. J Biol Chem. 1960 Apr;235:1051–1054. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WHITE R. G. Antibody production by single cells. Nature. 1958 Nov 15;182(4646):1383–1384. doi: 10.1038/1821383a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]